Remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine
Keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood. Helps maintain
blood pressure
Produce erythropoietinhormone that aids the formation of RBCs
Disorders of the Kidneys
-Subject to many of the same types of disorders that affect other body structures
-developmental defects
-Infections
-Altered immune responses
-Neoplasms
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Renal System Assessment
-Physical examination
---inspection of genitalia
---palpation (CVA tenderness)
*** tap the back with the hand cupped over location of the kidney
***would cause great discomfort in a kidney infection
-History taking
---previous UTI, calculi, retention
,---medications
---patterns of elimination (how often? color? odor?)
-Observation of symptoms
-Laboratory, radiologic, or other evaluation methods
Normal Characteristics of Urine
Kidney reaches near-adult function at 6-12 months
Bladder capacity in ounces: AGE + 2
Make sure child urinates at least Q 4 hrs during your shift!!!
pH 5 to 9 & Clear SG 1.001 to 1.035
***specific gravity is very important
NONE OF THE FOLLOWING in the urine :
, Glucose RBCs Ketones Casts HGB Nitrites WBCs
***urinalysis
Minimum Urine Output
Infants: 1-2 ml/kg/hour
***much less able to concentrate urine therefore more output
Children 1-12 years: 1 ml/kg/hour
Adolescents > 12 years: 0.5 ml/kg/hour
Diagnostic Studies
Dipstick
***can be done at bedside
***requires maintenance and observation
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