NCSU bio 240 Lab exam 4
6 main functions of digestive system - ANS-ingestion, motility, secretion, digestion,
absorbtion, elimination
ingestion, step 1 - ANS-the introduction of solid and liquid food to the oral cavity.
motility - ANS-chewing, the term for voulentary and invoulentary muscular contractions
for mixing food in mouth
secretion - ANS-producing and releasing substances such as digestive enzymes, acid,
bile, into the gastrointestinal tract. these secretions facilitate digestion
digestion - ANS-breakdown of food to smaller units that may be absorbed by GI tract
mechanical digestion - ANS-physcially broken down by chewing or contraction to make
smaller peices
chemical digestion - ANS-when enzymes break chemical bonds to change larger
complex molecules into smaller ones
chemcially breaking down food
absorbtion - ANS-membrane transport of digestive moelcues such as eletrolyes,
vitamins or water from the tract into blood or lymph.
elimination - ANS-get rid of indigestible stuff that cant be absorbed
parietal peritonsum - ANS-serious membrane that lines the inner surface of abdominal
wall
visceral peritoneum - ANS-the portion of the serious membrane that surrounds the
internal organs
peritoneal cavity - ANS-lubed fluid cavity between visceral and parietal peritonsum
intraperitoneal organs - ANS-organs completly surrounded by visceral peritoneum
(stomach, most of SI and parts of LI)
, retroperitoneal organs - ANS-organs outside the parietal peritoneum (most of
duodenum, pancreas, ascending and decending colon and rectum)
mesentery - ANS-double layer of peritonseum that supports, suspends, and stabilizes
the intraperitoneal GI tract organs
greater omentum - ANS-extends inferiorly from greator curve, and covors most of
abdomen organs
connective tissue called "fatty apron"
lesser omentum - ANS-connects from lesser to the duodenum
falciform ligament - ANS-flat, thin, cresent shaped peritoneal fold that attatches liver to
the internal surface of the anterior abdomen wall.
mesentery proper - ANS-fan shaped fold of peritoneum that suspends most of the small
intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdomen wall.
mesocolon - ANS-fold of the peritoneum that attaches parts of the large intestine to the
posterior abdominal wall
in distinct sections
sense receptors - ANS-these are embedded throughout the mucosa and submucosa of
the GI tract
baroreceptors - ANS-detect stretch or pressure of a particular region
chemoreceptors - ANS-detect precense of specific substances of passing contents
gastrin, secretin, and cholecytokinin - ANS-three primary hormons that are regulated in
stomach
bolus - ANS-when food becoems mixed with intestinal materials to form a wet mass
saliva helps form this
pharynx - ANS-where swallowing of the blus occurs
mucus secreted in the saliva to provide lubrication
esophagus - ANS-where the bolus goes after the pharynx until it gets to the stomach
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