NCSU BIO 245: Exam 2 Cardiovascular
System
Describe Arteries - ANS-More sturdy
Thick muscular walls
Can handle high pressure and high volume
Carry blood away from the heart
Blood in arteries will be mostly oxygen rich
Which arteries are exceptions in that they are oxygen poor? - ANS-Pulmonary arteries
Umbilical arteries
Describe Veins - ANS-Main thoroughfares for blood
Carries blood towards the heart
Sluggish and low pressure
High volume and slow
Oxygen poor blood
Which veins are exceptions in that they are oxygen rich? - ANS-Pulmonary Veins
Describe Capillaries - ANS-Neighborhood streets
Low pressure
Low volume
Not very big
No muscular layer
Narrow
Site of gas exchange (brings oxygen to the cells and takes carbon dioxide away)
Porous
Thin and almost fragile blood vessel system
In a general sense, what does the heart do? - ANS-Muscular pumping machine
Gets nutrients to tall the cells
Carries waste products away from the cell
What are blood vessels? - ANS-They are roads for blood.
Where do the pulmonary arteries go? - ANS-They lead off to each lung.
, What does the pulmonary trunk do? - ANS-carries deoxygenated blood from the right
ventricle to the lungs
What does the aorta do? - ANS-transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to
the body tissues
What does the Venea Cavae do? - ANS-Carries blood to the right atrium
What do the pulmonary veins do? - ANS-drain blood from the left atrium
What do the coronary arteries and veins do? - ANS-Nourish the heart muscle itself
What happens when the coronary arteries are blocked? - ANS-It is a main cause of
heart attacks because the heart muscles are deprived of oxygen.
Which side of the heart is oxygen poor? - ANS-Right Side
Which side of the heart is oxygen rich? - ANS-Left Side
Describe the left side of the heart - ANS-It has a much thicker muscular layer than the
right side.
It has to be able to push blood to the rest of the body.
Describe the right side of the heart. - ANS-It has a less muscular layer than the left side.
It is just sending the blood next door to the lungs. It is a lower pressure system so it
doesn't need the same muscular structure.
How do valves open? - ANS-Valves don't require ATP. They just need pressure. When
one chamber fills it pushes the valve open and allows blood to flow to the next chamber.
What is pericarditis? - ANS-Inflammation of the pericardium resulting in excess fluid
leaving he blood and filling the pericardial cavity.
It limits the hearts movements preventing the chambers from filling properly.
It may lead to cardiac tamponade, heart failure, or death.
It is not super common.
What is cardiac tamponade? - ANS-Irregular heart rate because the heart is struggling
to contract normally, no room to contract because of extra fluid so it beats faster and
faster
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