Unit 3 Early Civilizations and the
Emergence of Pastoral Peoples (4000-1000
B.C.E.)
civilization/ complex society
a type of society characterized by most of the following:dense population social
hierarchy job specialization, monumental building, a writing system , and a dominant
belief system
specialization
in a civilization when people adopt different jobs like artisan or priest that don't involve
growing or gathering food
social hierarchy
an order of social classes with producers at the bottom and leaders or kings at the top
river valley civilizations
a type of civilization that developed near or around a major river and considered the
earliest known large human civilizations
domestication
, the process of by which people change plants and animals over time at a genetic level
to increase the productivity or other desired traits
geographic luck
jared diamonds theory that some regions developed more rapidly and expanded and
conquered much of the world because the natural resources available to them climate
and geography gave them an early advantage into agriculture before people in other
places
intensification
action or process that make something stronger or more extreme ; the process of
change and growth in era 2
nile river
the longest river in the world located in northern Africa
indus river
a large river surrounded by fertile land in modern India/Pakistan
mesopotamia/ sumer
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