Chapter 5 Earthquakes Throughout the
United States and Canada
____ has been proposed as the trigger mechanism for earthquakes along the
Reelfoot rift. - ANS-Isostatic rebound
____ is the most common earthquake hazard that people encounter. -
ANS-Objects falling on one's head
A number of large cities lie within the New Madrid seismic zone, including ____. -
ANS-St. Louis;
Memphis;
Nashville;
A scarp is ____. - ANS-a steep slope created by the movement of faults
According to elastic-rebound theory, rocks do not constantly move in response to
stress because their rough and irregular surfaces generate ____ that retards
movement. - ANS-friction
An 18-hour volcanic eruption was started by the 1975 earthquake in Hawaii. The
earthquake triggered the eruption by ____. - ANS-causing gases to escape from
subsurface magma
An earthquake ____ occurs as a series of earthquakes in succession without a
mainshock. - ANS-swarm
Based upon current fault movements, California will ultimately collide witht the
state of ____, switching from sunny beaches to ski slopes. - ANS-Alaska
Better understanding of fault movements largely comes from ____. -
ANS-improvements to field equipment and instrumentation
Big earthquakes do not happen every year in the United States, but their
cumulative financial effects are forecast using ____. - ANS-annualized earthquake
losses
Eastern US - ANS-Older buildings unable to withstand earthquake shaking;
, Underlain by older, solid rocks that effectively transmit earthquake energy;
Large population densities
Extensional forces occurring in the ____ region have resulted in north-south
oriented, back-tilted mountain ranges that have made the area susceptible to
many earthquakes. - ANS-Great Basin
Following the 1965 Puget SOund earthquake, new building codes were enacted to
protect against earthquake damage. These changes included ____. - ANS-tying
homes to their foundations more securely;
strengthening highway bridges;
removing water storage tanks from the tops of buildings.
Found on the island of Kilauea, earthquakes can sometimes be triggered by the
subsurface movement of ____ that creates normal-fault, down-dropped valleys. -
ANS-magma
Harmonic tremors are generated when ____. - ANS-magma moves at shallow
depths
In 1872, the ____ fault zone broke loose, creating a large earthquake that was felt
and recorded by John Nuir at his cabin in Yosemite Valley. - ANS-Owens Valley
In 1984, a group of scientists using an army of instruents predicted an earthquake
for the Parkfield, California, area would take place by 1993. An earthquake
actually occurred ____. - ANS-in 2004, 16 years late
In eastern North America, large earthquakes ____. - ANS-are associated with
low-strain regions;
mostly occur at the sites of failed rifts;
lack significant recent faulting
In terms of characteristics, earthquakes of Eastern North America most closely
resemble those that occur in ____. - ANS-central North America
In the United States, 4.4 ____ dollars in annualized earthquake losses are
projected. - ANS-billion
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