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Edexcel A Level Biological Psychology May 2024 Exam Review Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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Edexcel A Level Biological PsychologyMay 2024 Exam Review Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Monozygotic twins - Answer>> Identical, share 100% of their
genes as they come from one fertilised egg.
What should be considered about MZ twins? - Answer>> - Do
not share the same environment
- There are some physical differences, such as fingerprints
- Can become less identical over time
- Some characteristics, such as IQ and personality might become
more alike as twins age
Epigenetic modification - Answer>> Different environmental
influences affect which genes are switched on and off. Younger
MZ twins have few epigenetic differences.
Dizygotic twins - Answer>> Not identical, come from two
separate eggs fertilised at the same time. Share 50% of genes.
Why are twin studies useful? - Answer>> If a characteristic
comes from genes, MZ twins should be more likely to share it.
Psychologists can compare behaviour between a group of
identical twins and fraternal twins to see which group shared the
most similarity.
Concorance rate - Answer>> The extent to which the same
behaviour is the same between twins. An agreement rate when
both twins have got a characteristic.
Strengths of using twin studies - Answer>> - Twin studies are
the main way of finding out if genes have any influence on
behaviour.
,- Both twins share their environment, so there should not be many
environmental differences between the twins.
Weaknesses of using twin studies - Answer>> - MZ twins will be
treated more like twins than DZ twins, so environments are not
the same.
- Epigenetic modification, there are differences between twins.
Difficult to say if a characteristic is caused by genes conclusively
Gottesman and Shields (1966) procedure - Answer>> - 16 year
period (longitudinal) using 5 twin studies
- To see if there was a relationship between genetic make up and
development of schizophrenia by looking at concordance rate
- 57 twin pairs (24 MZ and 33 DZ)
- Hospital notes and semi-structured interviews
Gottesman and Shields (1966) results - Answer>> - MZ twins -
42%
- DZ twin - 17%
Gottesman and Shields (1966) conclusion - Answer>> Genes
do play a role in the development of schizophrenia, but can't
conclusively say it is solely due to genes.
Why are adoption studies useful? - Answer>> It is the only
direct way to isolate the influence of genes and the environment.
In what circumstances in adoption studies suggest the roles of
genes? - Answer>> Similarities between child and their
biological parents
In what circumstances in adoption studies suggest the roles of
environment? - Answer>> Similarities between child and their
adoptive parents
, Kety et al (1994) - Answer>> - Research in Finland
- Sample of 155
- 9 adopted children, 8 had biological mothers with schizophrenia
or a form of psychoses
Strengths of adoption studies - Answer>> - Developmental
trends (patterns) can be studied because studies are longitudinal.
Same children can be studied at different times during
development.
- Control for environment, separates genes from environment.
Weakness of adoption studies - Answer>> - Adopted children
are often placed into families very similar to their biological
families
- They are matched, so the environments might not be as different
as thought
What are the 3 main brain scanning techniques? - Answer>>
PET scans, CAT scans and fMRI scans
How do PET scans work? - Answer>> - inject patient with FDG
(radioactive)
- task is given to stimulate the brain
- glucose is used up, radioactive atoms break down, gamma rays
produced
- high activity (red)
- low activity (blue)
What are PET scans useful for? - Answer>> Investigating areas
of the brain that are not functioning normally, indicate damage or
tumours.
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