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XI BOTANY NEW CHAPTER-06: ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS _ A&R TEST ITEMS
XI BOTANY NEW CHAPTER-06: ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS _ A&R TEST ITEMS
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# Correct Assertion Correct Reason
6.1 THE TISSUE SYSTEM
Larger living organisms exhibit structural similarities Both plants and animals display external morphological
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and variations. similarities and differences.
Internal structures of larger living organisms show Studying internal structures reveals commonalities and
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similarities and differences. distinctions in organisms.
Study of internal plant structure is called anatomy. The term "anatomy" refers to the systematic study of the
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internal structure of plants.
Plants have cells as the basic unit, organized into Cells are fundamental units, organizing into tissues and further
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tissues and organs. into organs in plants.
Different plant organs show differences in internal Various plant organs exhibit distinct variations in their internal
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structure. structures.
Monocots and dicots within angiosperms are Anatomical differences exist between monocots and dicots
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anatomically different. within the angiosperms.
Internal structures in plants show adaptations to Plants' internal structures adapt to various environments for
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diverse environments. survival and function.
Three types of tissue systems: epidermal, ground, and Plant tissues are organized into three systems based on
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vascular. structure and location.
Epidermal tissue system covers the plant body. The outermost layer, epidermis, acts as a protective covering
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for the entire plant body.
Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with elongated Epidermal cells possess specific characteristics, such as
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arrangement and a large vacuole. parenchymatous nature and elongated form.
The cuticle is a thick waxy layer present on the A waxy cuticle on the epidermis prevents water loss, but it is
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epidermis, absent in roots. absent in root structures.
Stomata in leaves regulate transpiration and gaseous Specialized structures, stomata, control the processes of
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exchange. transpiration and gas exchange.
Guard cells possess chloroplasts, regulate stomatal Chloroplast-containing guard cells control the opening and
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opening and closing. closing of stomata.
Subsidiary cells support stomatal apparatus function Subsidiary cells play a role in supporting the function of the
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near guard cells. stomatal apparatus.
Trichomes, hair-like structures, help prevent water Trichomes contribute to reducing water loss and provide
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loss due to transpiration. protection against transpiration.
Ground tissue system excludes epidermis and vascular Non-epidermal and non-vascular tissues collectively form the
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bundles, consists of simple tissues. ground tissue system.
Parenchyma cells are present in cortex, pericycle, Parenchyma cells are found in various tissues like cortex, pith,
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pith, and medullary rays. and medullary rays.
Vascular system comprises complex tissues: phloem Phloem and xylem together form vascular bundles for the
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and xylem in vascular bundles. transport of materials in plants.
Dicotyledonous stems have cambium between Presence of cambium in dicotyledonous stems enables the
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phloem and xylem, allowing secondary growth. formation of secondary tissues.
Monocotyledons lack cambium in vascular bundles, Monocotyledonous vascular bundles do not have cambium and
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referred to as closed bundles. are termed closed bundles.
Arrangement of xylem and phloem determines radial Relative arrangement of xylem and phloem defines the types of
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or conjoint vascular bundles. vascular bundles as radial or conjoint.
6.2 ANATOMY OF DICOTYLEDONOUS AND MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS
Epiblema consists of root hairs protruding as Enhances nutrient absorption and root anchorage in soil.
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unicellular structures.
Endodermis has barrel-shaped cells with casparian Prevents water leakage through radial and tangential walls of
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strips made of suberin. endodermal cells.
Pericycle, a thick-walled layer, initiates lateral roots Facilitates the formation and growth of lateral roots and
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and vascular cambium during secondary growth. vascular cambium.
The stele comprises pericycle, vascular bundles, and Defines the central region of the root responsible for support,
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pith inside the endodermis. transport, and storage.
Monocot root exhibits more than six polyarch xylem Reflects a structural difference in vascular arrangement
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bundles compared to dicot roots. between monocots and dicots.
Monocot roots lack secondary growth, unlike dicots. Absence of cambium-mediated increase in girth distinguishes
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monocot roots.
Dicot stem's epidermis is the outermost protective Shields the stem and regulates water loss from the surface.
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layer.
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