Nutrition, Exercise, and Health
Adaptive Thermogenesis - ✅✅-Adjustments in energy expenditure to maintain weight.
Adipose Tissue - ✅✅-Defines body shape, stores energy, and protects organs.
Adverse Effects of Alcohol Consumption - ✅✅-Interfere with organ function, chronic
consumption affects nutritional status and produces toxic compounds
Aerobic Capacity - ✅✅-Maximum ability to generate ATP by aerobic metabolism
Aerobic Exercise - ✅✅-Endurance exercises requiring oxygen for metabolism
Alcohol Absorption - ✅✅-Rapid absorption by diffusion in the gastrointestinal tract, with
90% metabolized by the liver
Alcohol Metabolism - ✅✅
-Involves two primary pathways: cytosol alcohol dehydrogenase
(ADH) and Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)
Alcoholism - ✅✅ -Long-term excessive consumption causes malnutrition, liver damage,
heart disease, stroke, and increased cancer risk
Amino Acids - ✅✅ -Building blocks of proteins; contain central carbon, amino group, acid
group, and side chain.
Antidiuretic Hormone - ✅✅-Regulates fluid intake in the body
Atherosclerosis - ✅✅-Deposition of lipids and fibrous materials in artery walls
Atrophy -✅✅-Muscle wasting due to disuse
Basal Metabolism - ✅✅-Energy needed at rest for vital functions.
Body Mass Index (BMI) - ✅✅-Measure of body fat based on height and weight.
Brown Adipose Tissue - ✅✅-Tissue burning fat to generate heat.
Cardiorespiratory System - ✅✅-Circulatory and respiratory systems delivering oxygen
Cardiovascular Disease - ✅✅-Over 83 million Americans affected by various forms.
Cholesterol - ✅✅-Sterol found in animal cell membranes, high dietary intake linked to heart
disease.
Cholesterol Functions - ✅✅-Used for hormone synthesis, lubrication, and cell membrane
structure.
, Chylomicrons - ✅✅-Transport diet-derived lipids and triglycerides into the lymphatic
system.
Condensation Reactions - ✅✅-Chemical reactions forming larger molecules
DASH Diet - ✅✅-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
Diglyceride - ✅✅-Glycerol molecule with two attached fatty acids.
Eicosanoids - ✅✅-Regulate blood clotting, pressure, and immune function.
Electrolytes - ✅✅-Positively and negatively charged ions conducting electricity
Energy Balance - ✅✅-Equilibrium between energy consumed and expended.
Essential Amino Acids - ✅✅-Cannot be synthesized sufficiently by the body.
Essential Fatty Acids - ✅✅-Critical for growth, skin health, and cell membrane function.
Fatty Acid Energy Production - ✅✅-Fatty acids and glycerol produce ATP through
beta-oxidation.
Fatty Acids - ✅✅-Chains varying in length, categorized as short, medium, or long chain.
Fitness - ✅✅-Ability to perform physical activity without fatigue
Food Allergies - ✅✅-Triggered by incomplete protein digestion.
Futile Cycling - ✅✅-Wasting energy in metabolism.
Gastric Bypass Surgery - ✅✅-Surgical procedure to reduce stomach size and bypass
intestine.
Ghrelin - ✅✅-Hormone stimulating appetite.
HDL Cholesterol - ✅✅-Transports cholesterol back to the liver for elimination.
Hydrolysis - ✅✅-Chemical breakdown using water
Hypertension - ✅✅-High blood pressure against arterial walls
Hypertrophy - ✅✅-Muscle growth in response to stress
Ketogenesis - ✅✅-Pathway for Acetyl-CoA production during low-carb states.
Kilocalorie - ✅✅-Unit measuring energy supplied to the body.
LDL Cholesterol - ✅✅-Excess leads to high LDL levels in blood.
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