ATI Med Surg Ch. 63 Menstrual Disorders
and Menopause
Dysmenorrhea - ANS-painful menstruation; common in adolescents and young women,
decreases after child birth and as women ages
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) - ANS-hormonal imbalance of decreased
estrogen and can include excessive or bleeding in between menstrual periods
Menorrhagia - ANS-excessive menstrual bleeding (amount and duration); more than
one pad or tampon per hour
Metrorrhagia - ANS-bleeding between periods; menopause and adolescents
Amenorrhea - ANS-absence of menstruation; indicator of pregnancy or disorder (thyroid
disorder) or structural disorders (reproductive) or excessive exercise
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) - ANS--imbalance between estrogen and progesterone
- irritability, impaired memory, depression, poor concentration, mood swings, bing
eating, breast tenderness, bloating, weight gain, headache, back pain
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) - ANS-a severe form of PMS, characterized
by symptoms serious enough to interfere with daily activities and relationships; begins a
few days before menstrual period
Endometriosis - ANS-overgrowth of endometrial tissue that extends outside of the
uterus into the fallopian tubes, onto the ovaries, and into the pelvis; blockage of tubes
can lead to infertility
Endometrial Biopsy - ANS-determines the relationship between menstrual flow and the
hormone cycle; can help determine pathological causes for bleeding such as uterine
cancer
Transvaginal Ultrasound - ANS-can identify the presence of uterine fibroids, endometrial
abnormalities, or leiomyomas
Menstrual Disorders/Menopause: Hormonal Contraceptives - ANS-decreases
manifestations of PMS, PMDD, dysmenorrhea and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
Menstrual Disorders/Menopause: Diuretics (Spironolactone) - ANS-treats bloating and
weight gain
Menstrual Disorders/Menopause: Leuprolide (synthetic luteinizing hormone) - ANS--
reducing follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormone level in dysfunctional uterine
bleeding (DUB)
- reduces estrogen and progesterone production in the body (endometriosis- promotes
atrophy of ectopic tissue)
- can cause BIRTH DEFECTS and DECREASED LIBIDO
Menstrual Disorders/Menopause: Iron - ANS-used to treat anemia
Menstrual Disorders/Menopause: SSRIs - ANS-treats emotional and physical
manifestations of PMS/PMDD
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