CJ 315 crim theories final 12/14/23
Define mala in se - ANS-Universally condemned core offenses
Define mala prohibita - ANS-Crimes that are "bad" because they are prohibited
Define hierarchy rule - ANS-Requires police to only report the highest offense committed in a
multiple-single incident
Define Victim Precipitation Theory. Who created it? - ANS-Acting in certain provoking ways can
initiate a chain of events that leads to victimization
What are the 3 elements that converge in Routine Activities Theory? - ANS-Motivated offender,
availability of suitable targets & absence of capable guardian
Define lifestyle theory - ANS-Argues that certain lifestyles expose some people to high risk for
victimization
Explain Cesare Beccaria's arguments/beliefs (classical) - ANS-Argues for humane punishments
and believed that they should vary based on crimes committed
1. Cesare Beccaria nickname (classical school)
2. Cesare Lombroso nickname (positivist) - ANS-1. Father of classical criminology
2. Father of criminology
Explain Jeremy Betham's 3 main concepts (classical) - ANS-Hedonism: achievement of
pleasure is main goal of life
Rational behavior: behavior consistent with knowledge
Hedonistic calculus: weighing anticipated benefits against possible costs
Define positivism - ANS-a scientific approach from which positive knowledge can be obtained.
Characterized by determinism
Explain deterrence theory - ANS-Behavior governed by consequences
Define rational choice theory (neoclassical) - ANS-Offenders are free actors responsible for their
own actions
What are the 4 primary emotions? - ANS-Anger, joy, fear, disgust
Explain importance of Chicago school of human ecology - ANS-First criminological theory to
develop in US
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