Law 342: Chapter 8 - Gender Discrimination
Employment Law
(1) to fail/refuse to hire/discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against
any individual w/ respect to his compensation, terms, conditions of privileges of
employment, because of sex/gender [Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964]
(1) No employer shall discriminate b/w employees on the basis of sex by paying wages
at a rate less compared to opposite sex [Equal Pay Act]
(k) The term "because of sex" or "on the basis of sex" includes, but is not limited to,
because of or on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical condition.
Should be treated all the same, including benefits [Pregnancy Discrimination Act] -
✔✔It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer:
"We believe this type of advertising, whether picturing men or women, does not
promote dignity in the law and is inappropriate when circulated by an organization that
serves the legal community" - ✔✔Miami-Dade chapter of the Florida Association of
Women Lawyers
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Hundreds of thousands of men and women around the globe marched/demonstrated
because of their anger over what they viewed as the incoming administration's refusal
to even acknowledge their concerns about gender discrimination - ✔✔January 21,
2017
Women's March on Washington
People demonstrated around the world the need to address these pressing issues -
✔✔March 8, 2017 International Women's Day
2017 also marks the year the (ERA) was revived after not receiving the 38 states it
needed for ratification by 1982 - ✔✔2017 Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Virginia became the 38th state to ratify, and litigation is in process to lift the ratification
deadline, which was rarely, if ever, imposed on other constitutional amendments. After
all, the Madison Amendment concerning Congressional raises was passed by
, Congress in 1792 and was not ratified until 203 years later in 1992! - ✔✔January
2020
are filed by women - ✔✔Vast Majority of EEOC Gender Claims
"caregiver responsibility" discrimination, aka "caregiver bias" or "family responsibility
discrimination" (FRD). EEOC noticed caregiving responsibilities fall on women it
creates disparate impact - ✔✔In 2007, the EEOC issued guidelines on
on-the-job issues such as equal pay, promotions, harassment, pregnancy leave,
lactation policies, caregiver responsibilities, and domestic violence - ✔✔The focus of
claims of gender discrimination has more recently shifted away from hiring
discrimination toward
Glass Ceiling Commission to investigate barriers to female and minority advancement
in the workplace and suggest ways to combat the situation - ✔✔1991 Civil Rights Act
called for establishment of a
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a study by the bipartisan commission. The commission reported that while women
have gained entry into the workforce in substantial numbers, once there they face all
but invisible barrier to promotion into top ranks "Glass ceilings" - ✔✔1995 U.S.
Department of Labor released
prevent them from moving laterally into areas that lead to higher advancement -
✔✔"Glass Walls"
refer to women in leadership being brought in to help a company in desperate crisis, w/
the likelihood of failure being higher - ✔✔"Glass Cliffs"
refer to men entering traditionally female-dominated professions such as
teaching/nursing and seeming to effortlessly glide to the top echelons in the workplace
- ✔✔"Glass Escalators"
There are some situations in which the employer may permit the hiring of women but
not if there are other factors present-for example, no hiring of women who are
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