biowarfare - intentional use of disease causing organisms or products of organisms to infect populations
to attain a military objective
bioterrorism/biocrime - intentional use of disease-causing organisms or products of organisms to infect
humans, animals, or plants in order to cause civil unrest and panic or instigate a crime
pontiac's rebellion (french and indian war) - the english used variola-laden (smallpox) blankets in 1763 at
fort pitt to subdue indians loyal to the french during the french and indian war
geneva protocol of 1925 - -a protocol for the prohibition of the use in war of asphyxiating gas and of
biological methods of warfare
-developed unit 731 as a biological warfare research, development, and production facility
-thousands of chinese, koreans, russians, criminals, and POWs were deliberately experimented on
-japanese dropped y restis infected rice and fleas onto several chinese villages
camp (fort) detrick - -US started their program in 1943
-still used for the study of biological agents for defensive purposes
pine bluff, arkansas - US major production facility housed on 14,000 acres
-1950
san francisco, california- 1950 - -city was sprayed with bacterial species serrate marcescens as part of a
germ warfare test
-one of the city hospitals recorded first outbreak of a s. marcescens infection and one man died
,president nixon- nov 25, 1969 - -partially in response to protests over the use of chemicals in Vietnam,
nixon unilaterally and unconditionally renounced all biological weapons
-Us program was terminated
-all offensive stock were destroyed by 1972
biological and toxin weapons convention - -banned all biological agents for use in war
-destroy all stocks
-limitations in terms of enforcement
-core list of 19 bacterial species, 43 viruses, 14 toxins, and 1 fungus
biopreparet - -massive organization of soviet bio-research laboratories and production plants under a
supposedly non-military umbrella
-developed weapons-grade BWs, made better BWs, and designed effective delivery systems for these
BWs
sverdlovsk - -april 1979
-worst accident in the history of biological weapons production occurred at this facility east of the ural
mountains in russia
-anthrax
the dalles, oregon - -september 1984
-the cult tried to affect a local county election
-rajneeshee cult sprayed salmonella onto the salad bars in 10 different locations
-751 people became sick with diarrhea
iraq 1980s-1990s - -iraqi's built 6 BW facilities
anthrax mail attacks - -sept-oct 2001
-2 waves
, -first targeted the media mailed on september 18
-second targeted the government on october 9
-people affected in connecticut, new jersey, new york, washington DC, and florida
2018 ricin incident - -willian clyde allen
-utah man indicted october 24 2018 for sending ricin filled letters to president trump and other
government officials
FBI definition of biological warfare/terrorist agent - any microbe, virus, infectious substance, or
biological product capable of causing:
-death of disease in a human, animal, plant, or another living organism
-deterioration of food, water, or environment
-deleterious effect on the environment
attributes of biological weapons - -inexpensive
-readily available
-tasteless, odorless, invisible
-hard to detect
-infrastructure stays intact
-create fear/panic
-can genetically engineer to make it worse
-may have efficient human to human transmission
disadvantages of biological weapons - -morally/ethically repugnant
-hard to control
-harm self
-delivery problems
overt bioterrorist event - -announced
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