1. Probability is the numerical measure of
a. number of successes divided by the standard the likelihood that an
deviation of the distribution. event will occur.
b. number of successes divided by the number of
failures.
c. numerical measure of the likelihood that an
event will occur.
d. chance that an event will not happen.
2. A __________ describes the range and relative probability distribu-
likelihood of all possible values for a random vari- tion for a random vari-
able. able
a. probability mass function of an event
b. probability distribution for a random variable
c. probability
d. density function
3. An initial estimate of the probabilities of events is prior
a __________ probability.
a. empirical
b. posterior
c. conditional
d. prior
4. Bayes' theorem is a method used to compute empirical
__________ probabilities.
a. empirical
b. posterior
c. conditional
d. prior
5. All the events in the sample space that are not part the complement of
of the specified event are called the event.
a. independent events.
b. joint events.
c. simple events.
d. the complement of the event.
6.
, Comprehensive Spreadsheet Modeling
Sample space is the collection of all
a. the collection of events possible outcomes.
b. a process that results in some outcome.
c. a subgroup of a population/the likelihood of an
outcome.
d. the collection of all possible outcomes.
7. The event containing the outcomes belonging to A union
or B or both is the __________ of A and B.
a. intersection
b. union
c. Venn diagram
d. complement
8. Two events are independent if b. P(A | B) = P(A) or
a. the probability of one or both events is greater P(B | A) = P(B).
than 1.
b. P(A | B) = P(A) or P(B | A) = P(B).
c. the two events occur at the same time.
d. None of these choices are correct.
9. Which statement is true about mutually exclusive If events A and B can-
events? not occur at the same
a. If either event A or event B must occur, they are time, they are called
called mutually exclusive. mutually exclusive.
b. P(A) + P(B) = 1 for any events A and B that are
mutually exclusive.
c. If events A and B cannot occur at the same time,
they are called mutually exclusive.
d. None of these choices are correct.
10. A joint probability is the probability of the
a. sum of the probabilities of two events. intersection of two
b. sum of the probabilities of two independent events.
events.
c. probability of the intersection of two events.
d. probability of the union of two events.
11. In the probability table below, which value is a 0.5
marginal probability?
, Comprehensive Spreadsheet Modeling
Completed
Obstacle Course Level
No Yes Total
Challenging 0.4 0.3 0.7
Easy 0.1 0.2 0.3
Total
0.5 0.5 1.0
12. A variable that can only take on specific numeric discrete random vari-
values is called a able.
a. discrete random variable.
b. categorical variable.
c. continuous random variable.
d. complex random variable.
13. An experiment consists of determining the speed continuous random
of automobiles on a highway by the use of radar variable
equipment. The random variable in this experiment
is a
a. discrete random variable.
b. categorical random variable.
c. continuous random variable.
d. complex random variable.
14. Which of the following statements is correct? The binomial distribu-
a. The binomial and normal distributions are both tion is a discrete prob-
continuous probability distributions. ability distribution and
b. The binomial distribution is a continuous prob- the normal distribu-
ability distribution, and the normal distribution is tion is a continu-
a discrete probability distribution. ous probability distri-
c. The binomial distribution is a discrete proba- bution.
bility distribution and the normal distribution is a
continuous probability distribution.
d. The binomial and normal distributions are both
discrete probability distributions.
15. Which of the following is a discrete random vari- The number of times
able? a student guesses
a. The amount of gasoline purchased by a cus-
, Comprehensive Spreadsheet Modeling
tomer the answers to ques-
b. The height of water-oak trees tions on a certain test
c. The amount of mercury found in fish caught in
the Gulf of Mexico
d. The number of times a student guesses the
answers to questions on a certain test
16. All of the following are examples of discrete ran- time.
dom variables except
a. marital status.
b. time.
c. number of tickets sold.
d. population of a city.
17. The __________ probability distribution can be Poisson
used to estimate the number of vehicles that go
through an intersection during the lunch hour.
a. binomial
b. triangular
c. Poisson
d. normal
18. The random variable X is known to be uniformly 7
distributed between 2 and 12. Compute E(X), the
expected value of the distribution.
a. 6
b. 7
c. 4
d. 5
19. The random variable X is known to be uniformly 2.887
distributed between 2 and 12. Compute the stan-
dard deviation of X.
a. 8.333
b. 12
c. 2.887
d. 3.464
20. If a z-score is zero, then the corresponding x-value mean.
must be equal to the
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