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Campbell Biology Chapter 5 -The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified£11.03
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Campbell Biology Chapter 5 -The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules |
Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
macromolecules - A giant molecule in a living organism formed by the joining of smaller molecules: a
protein, carbohydrate, or nucleic acid.
polymer - a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent
bonds
monomers - repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer
enzymes - specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells
dehydration reaction - A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with
the removal of a water molecule.
hydrolysis - A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water;
functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers.
carbohydrates - Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one carbon
atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom. They exist as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and
polysaccharides.
monosaccharides - The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides
and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, the molecular formulas of are generally some
multiple of CH2O.
aldose - a monosaccharide sugar that contains the aldehyde group or is hemiacetal
ketose - any monosaccharide sugar that contains a ketone group or its hemiacetal
, disaccharide - any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete
hydrolysis
glycosidic linkage - A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. -
sucrose, glucose
polysaccharides - macromolecules, polymers with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides
joined by glycosidic linkages - starch, cellulose
starch - A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
glycogen - an extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of
animals; the animal equivalent of starch
cellulose - a structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by β
glycosidic linkages.
chitin - complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeletons
of arthropods
lipids - Large, non-polar organic molecules which do not dissolve in water. - fats, phospholipids, steroids,
waxes.
fat - organic compound consisting of a three-carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids
fatty acids - A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and
location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
triacylglycerol - three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called a fat or a triglyceride.
saturated fatty acid - A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single
bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
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