PLTW Biomedical Science Unit 3.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/NIW/PLTW%20Biomedical%20Scien
PLTW Biomedical Science Unit 3
1. Allele: Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus.
2. Autosome: A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to
a sex chromosome
3. Chromosome: Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic
material.
4. Dominant Trait: A genetic trait is considered dominant if it is expressed in a person
who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait.
5. Gene: A discrete unit of hereditary information
6. Genetic Material: Molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms.
7. Genotype: All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group
8. Heredity: The transmission of traits from ancestor to descendant.
9. Homologous Chromosomes: Chromosomes having the same or allelic genes with genetic
loci usually arranged in the same order.
10. Karyotype: A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
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,PLTW Biomedical Science Unit 3.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/NIW/PLTW%20Biomedical%20Scien
11. Meiosis: The cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-
producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one
of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell.
12. Mitosis: A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves a series of
steps, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of
chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
13. Mutation: A rare change in the genetic material, ultimately creating genetic diversity.
14. Pedigree: A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable char- acteristics in
parents and offspring over multiple generations.
15. Phenotype: The observable properties of an organism that are produced by the interaction
of the genotype and the environment.
16. RecessiveTrait: A condition that appears only in individuals who have received two copies
of a mutant gene, one copy from each parent.
17. Sex Chromosome: One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an
individual.\
18. Amino Acids: An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins.
19. Anticodon: A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried
and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.
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