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Logarithm - is the exponent of base 10 that equals the value of a number In decibel formulas how should values be logically arranged when comparing two numbers (V1 / V2) - If you expect a gain, place the higher number first. If you expect a loss, place the smaller number first. Explain negative...

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  • August 25, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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AVIXA CTS-D: Human Perception of
Sound

Logarithm - is the exponent of base 10 that equals the value of a number

In decibel formulas how should values be logically arranged when comparing two numbers (V1 / V2) -
If you expect a gain, place the higher number first. If you expect a loss, place the smaller number
first.

Explain negative decibel values - measurement just means "less than before," or in this case, "less
than the reference level. It does not mean the basic unit it represents has a negative value



Decibel - describes a base-ten logarithmic relationship of a power ratio between two numbers.

-It uses a logarithmic scale to describe ratios with a very large range of values that can vary over several
orders of magnitude.

-It is also used for quantifying differences in voltage, distance and sound pressure as they relate to
power.



Decibels can measure what type of values? - Distance, Power, Pressure, or Voltage



Pascal - SI Unit for Pressure



Decibel Formula for Power - dB = 10 * log (P1 / Pr)



Where:



dB = The change in decibels

P1 = The new or measured power measurement

Pr = The original or reference power measurement



if result is positive, the result is an increase, or gain. If it is negative, the result is a decrease, or loss.

, Decibel Formula for Distance - dB = 20 * log (D1 / D2)



Where:



dB = The change in decibels

D1 = The original or reference distance

D2 = The new or measured distance



This as the same as:

db= 10 * log (D1²/D²)



Decibel Formula for Voltage - dB = 20 * log (V1 / Vr)



Where:



dB = The change in decibels

V1 = The new or measured voltage

Vr = The original or reference voltage



db = 10 * log (V1²/V2²)



Reference Level Sound Pressure: 0 dB SPL in Pascals - .00002 Pa / 2x10^-5 Pa / .02 mPa @ 1kHz



Reference Level Voltage (Consumer Electronics): 0dBV in Volts - 1V



Reference Level Voltage (pro AV): 0 dBu in Volts - 0.775 V

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