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C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND WELLNESS (HLTH 1010) EXAM STUDY GUIDE WESTERN GOVERNORS’ UNIVERSITY
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C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND WELLNESS (HLTH 1010) EXAM STUDY GUIDE WESTERN GOVERNORS’ UNIVERSITY
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C458 HEALTH, FITNESS ANDWELLNESS (HLTH 1010) EXAM
STUDY GUIDE WESTERN
GOVERNORS’ UNIVERSITY
, lOMoAR cPSD| 19857451
C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND WELLNESS NOTES UNIT 1: BODY
SYSTEMS
STUDY GUIDE
The Muscular System
Even when you sit perfectly still, muscles throughout the body are
constantly moving. Muscles enable the heart to beat, the chest to
rise and fall during breathing, and the blood vessels to help regulate
the pressure and flow of blood through the body. When you smile
and talk, muscles help you communicate. When you exercise, they
help you stay physically fit and healthy.
Muscles, whether attached to bones or to internal organs and blood
vessels, are responsible for movement. Muscle contraction also has
some other important functions in the body, such as posture, joint
stability, and heat production. There are three types of muscles in
the body: striated, smooth, and cardiac.
• Striated muscle is also known as skeletal muscle. It
moves all bones and controls facial expressions and eye
movements.
• Smooth muscle, or visceral muscle, lines the walls of the
internal organs, such as the intestines.
• Cardiac muscle is a unique type of muscle. It is a
combination of both striated and smooth muscle. Only
the heart has cardiac muscle.
• Nervous System: Functions
The nervous system is one of the most complex human body
systems. More than 100 billion nerve cells operate constantly
all over the body to coordinate voluntary and involuntary
activities. The nervous system is the major controlling,
regulatory, and communicating system in the body. Specific
functions of the nervous system include receiving sensory
input, sending signals to the brain, regulating homeostasis, and
communicating throughout the body for movement.
• Nervous System: Central and Peripheral
The nervous system is classified into two major divisions:
, lOMoAR cPSD| 19857451
the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous
system (PNS).
•
• Humans need oxygen and food to survive. The respiratory, cardiovascular,
digestive, and urinary systems all work together to use oxygen to convert foods
into energy and to excrete the byproducts. In this lesson, you will explore the
functions, major organs, and interactions between each of these body systems.
•
Breathing is so vital to life that it happens automatically. Each day,
you breathe about 20,000 times. By the time you're 70 years old,
you will have taken at least 600 million breaths. Breathing is
triggered by the respiratory system. The respiratory system works
with the cardiovascular system to provide oxygen to the cells and to
remove the waste products (e.g., carbon dioxide).
Respiratory System: Organs
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, passageways for air
flow, blood vessels, and muscles. These elements work together to
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