Bio 438 - Courtship and Mating and Sexual Selection Review Questions and Answers
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Module
BIO 438
Institution
BIO 438
Tinbergen's four functions Sexual isolation to prevent breeding between different species, which assumes this is a bad thing (it often is although not always), Orientation in space Synchronization in time Persuasion -change a partner's motivation to make mating more likely. Persuasion may overcome ...
Bio 438 - Courtship and Mating and
Sexual Selection Review Questions and
Answers
Tinbergen's four functions ✅Sexual isolation to prevent breeding between different
species, which assumes this is a bad thing (it often is although not always),
Orientation in space
Synchronization in time
Persuasion -change a partner's motivation to make mating more likely. Persuasion may
overcome tendencies to do other things, including flee/attack (the idea of Flee-Attack-
Mate conflict proposed by Desmond Morris).8. Persuasion may increase sexual
responsiveness above some necessary threshold (my red-spotted newts).9. Persuasion
may provide cues used in mate assessment/choice - that's where we're going next.
These three kinds of persuasion need not be mutually exclusive
Species with indirect sperm transfer but internal fertilization (AKA salamanders in
vertebrates) are great subjects for exploring Tinbergen's four functions of courtship,
especially the last three ✅Because?
Why do senders produce multiple signals? A few hypotheses, not necessarily mutually
exclusive and all supported by evidence) ✅Different signals are intended for different
receivers, e.g., mates versus rivals.
Different signals have different functions, e.g., orientation versus persuasion.
New signals functionally replace old ones, but the old ones aren't lost (at least not yet).
How might you test this hypothesis using phyloethology?• Some signals might not really
be signals but serve to amplify real signals.
What would be a good experimental test?• Different signals may have different
meanings in terms of what they reveal about senders.
Extended phenotype ✅Some signals, like a bowerbird's bower, may be a modification
of the external environment produced by the individual, what Dawkins calls an 'extended
phenotype.' A spider's web and a bird's nest are extended phenotypes, also. In the
same way as selection acts on anatomical phenotypes (such as eyes and arms) so it
acts on extended phenotypes (and the genes responsible for the construction of
extended phenotypes)
Mating decisions may involve a conflict between the sexes ✅(e.g., "I want her as a
mate but she doesn't want me"). Conflicts are expected to resemble a sexual arms race
that may play out at behavioral, anatomical and physiological levels (e.g., forcible
mating, weird duck penises and Drosophila's 'sex molecule of death'). And this might
make us wonder whether persuasion might sometimes be better characterized as
manipulation
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