MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE REVIEW- HARR – IMMUNOLOGY QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
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Module
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
Institution
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system that is formed in response to antigenic stimulation:
A. Lysozyme
B. Complement
C. Commensal organisms
D. Immunoglobulin - CORRECT ANSWER D. Immunoglobulin is a specific part of the adaptive immune system and ...
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE REVIEW-
HARR – IMMUNOLOGY 2024-2025
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system
that is formed in response to antigenic stimulation:
A. Lysozyme
B. Complement
C. Commensal organisms
D. Immunoglobulin - CORRECT ANSWER D. Immunoglobulin is a specific part
of the adaptive immune system and is formed only in response to a specific
antigenic stimulation. Complement, lysozyme, and commensal organisms all act
nonspecifically as a part of the adaptive immune system. These three components
do not require any type of specific antigenic stimulation.
Which two organs are considered the primary lymphoid organs in which
immunocompetent cells originate and mature?
A. Thyroid and Peyer's Patch
B. Thymus and bone marrow
C. Spleen and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
D. Lymph nodes and thoracic duct - CORRECT ANSWER B. The bone marrow
and thymus are considered primary lymphoid organs because immunocompetent
cells either originate or mature in them. Some immunocompetent cells mature or
reside in the bone marrow (the source of all hematopoietic cells) until transported
to the thymus, spleen, or Peyer's patches, where they process antigen or
manufacture antibody. T lymphocytes, after originating in the bone marrow, travel
to the thymus to mature and differentiate.
,MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE REVIEW-
HARR – IMMUNOLOGY 2024-2025
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
What type of B cells are formed after antigen stimulation?
A. Plasma cells and memory B cells
B. Mature B cells
C. Antigen-dependent B cells
D. Receptor-activated B cells - CORRECT ANSWER A. Mature B cells exhibit
surface immunoglobulin that may cross link a foreign antigen, thus forming the
activated B cell and leading to capping and internalization of antigen. The
activated B cell gives rise to plasma cells that produce and secrete
immunoglobulins and memory cells that reside in lymphoid organs.
T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus for maturation. What is the
correct order of the maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus?
A. Bone marrow to the cortex; after thymic education, released back to peripheral
circulation
B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex; migration to the medulla; release
of mature T cells to secondary lymphoid organs
C. Storage in either the cortex or medulla; release of T cells into the peripheral
circulation
D. Activation and selection occur in the medulla; mature T cells are stored in the
cortex until activated by antigen - CORRECT ANSWER B. Immature T cells
travel from the bone marrow to the thymus to mature into functional T cells. Once
in the thymus, T cells undergo a selection and maturation sequence that begins in
the cortex and moves to the medulla of the thymus. Thymic factors such as
thymosin and thymopoietin and cells within the thymus such as macrophages and
,MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE REVIEW-
HARR – IMMUNOLOGY 2024-2025
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
dendritic cells assist in this sequence. After completion of the maturation cycle, T
cells are released to secondary lymphoid organs to await antigen recognition and
activation.
Which cluster of differentiation (CD) marker appears during the first stage of T-cell
development and remains present as an identifying marker for T cells?
A. CD 1
B. CD 2
C. CD 3
D. CD 4 or CD 8 - CORRECT ANSWER B. the CD 2 marker appears during the
first stage of T-cell development and can be used to differentiate T cells from other
lymphocytes. This T-lymphocyte receptor binds sheep red blood cells (RBCs). This
peculiar characteristic was the basis for the classic E rosette test once used to
enumerate T cells in peripheral blood. CD2 is not specific for T cells, however, and
is also found on large granular lymphocytes (LGL or natural killer [NK]cells).
Which markers are found on mature, peripheral helper T cells?
A. CD 1, CD 2, CD 4
B. CD 2, CD 3, CD 8
C. CD 1, CD 3, CD 4
D. CD 2, CD 3, CD 4 - CORRECT ANSWER D. Mature. peripheral helper T cells
have the CD 2 (E rosette), CD 3 (mature T cell), and CE 4 (helper) markers.
, MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE REVIEW-
HARR – IMMUNOLOGY 2024-2025
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Which T cell expresses the CD8 marker and acts specifically to kill tumor or virally
infected cells?
A. Helper T
B. T suppressor
C. T cytotoxic
D. T inducer/suppressor - CORRECT ANSWER C. T cytotoxic cells recognize
antigen in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I
complexes and act against target cells that express foreign antigens. These include
viral antigens and the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are the target of graft
rejection.
How are cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) and natural killer (NK) cells similar?
A. Require antibody to be present
B. Effective against virally infected cells
C. Recognize antigen in association with HLA class II markers
D. Do not bind to infected cells - CORRECT ANSWER B Both TC and NK cells
are effective against virally
infected cells, and neither requires antibody to be
present to bind to infected cells. NK cells do not
exhibit MHC class restriction, whereas activation of
Tc cells require the presence of MHC class I
molecules in association with the viral antigen.
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