Looking for CIE A Level Biology notes? These Cell Membranes and Transport notes are compiled directly from CIE 9700 AS Level Biology mark schemes. With every single specification point labelled and covered, simply memorising these notes guarantees you will get top marks (A*) on the day. These point...
NOTES: Italics indicates NOT from the mark scheme (often means no
mark schemes relating to the spec point). These are taken instead
from the CIE A Level textbook, which occasionally includes extra
detail to help my own understanding. All others are directly copied
from CIE 9700 mark schemes.
Mark scheme abbreviations: I = ignore, A = accept, R = reject. A
semi-colon “;” separates marking points, which are sometimes
numbered. “AVP” = any valid point. See the start of any mark
scheme for full abbreviations.
3 protein ; e.g. integral and peripheral proteins, proteins scattered (in
phospholipid bilayer)
4 proteins and phospholipids, can move around (in phospholipid
bilayer)
5 ref. to hydrophobic / hydrophilic, regions on, phospholipid / protein
6 cholesterol between phospholipid molecules, heads at the
membrane surfaces
Roles of molecules in membranes:
Phospholipids:
1 ref. to hydrophilic / polar, phosphate, head / group and hydrophobic
/ non polar, hydrocarbon / fatty acid, tails / chains ;
2 ref. to forms part of a bilayer ;
3 (fatty acid) tails / chains, may be saturated or unsaturated ;
heads:
4 form hydrogen bonds with water/ interacts with water/AW ;
5 stabilise the membrane ;
tails/chains:
6 idea that unsaturated fatty acids contribute to fluidity (of
membrane) ;
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