NSG 522 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024-2025
How is epidemiology defined? - ANSWER The study of the distribution and
determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations, and using
this knowledge to control health problems.
What are the fundamental epidemiological functions? - ANSWER Surveillance
Field Investigations
Analytical Studies
Evaluation
Linkages
Policy
What kind of science is epidemiology? - The answer is quantitative.
What is the focus of measurement in epidemiology? - ANSWER: The
Distribution and Determinants of Health-Related Events
What can we say about the nature of epidemiology? - ANSWER Epidemiology
tells a tale about health-related states and events based on statistics.
What are the five W's of epidemiology? –
ANSWER WHAT
When
Where
Who
,Why
What are the two components of epidemiology? - ANSWER Analytic and
descriptive.
What components does descriptive epidemiology describe? - Answer WHEN,
WHERE, and WHO.
Time, Place, and Person
What elements does Descriptive Epidemiology investigate? - ANSWER: The
distribution, frequency, and pattern of health-related states and occurrences.
Which elements do Analytic Epidemiology describe? - Answer WHY AND
HOW.
Analytic Epidemiology investigates the? - ANSWER: Determinants of health-
related events. The WHY and the Causes
What are the four main categories of Determinants of Health? - ANSWER
Biological, environmental, social, and health behaviors.
What constitutes the social determinants of health? - ANSWER: Economic
stability, neighborhood/built environment, health/healthcare, social/community
context, education
, What are some examples of health behaviors? - ANSWER: Nutrition, physical
activity, rest/relaxation, tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit substance use, and
vaccines.
Describe Multi-causality. ANSWER: The etiology of all diseases is
multifactorial.
What is the 'Causal Pie' Model composed of? - ANSWER Causative agent or
event, individual qualities, environmental features, presence of preventative
variables, action of catalysts or additive factors, mediating and moderating
factors, and factor interaction.
What do the Bradford Hill Criteria for Causation teach us? - ANSWER Several
factors are presented to assist us assess whether a causal association is
reasonable.
What information does the Bradford Hill Criteria for Causation leave out? -
ANSWER: Clinical or statistical significance.
Which three models can help us understand the occurrence of disease? -
ANSWER Epidemiological Triad or Triangle, BEINGS Model, Web of
Causation.
What three aspects comprise the Epidemiological Triad/Triangle? - ANSWER:
Agent, host, and environment
What is the meaning of the acronym BEINGS Model of Disease Causation? -
ANSWER Biological or behavioural
Environmental
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