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Exam (elaborations)

Health Restoration Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers

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  • Module
  • HEALTH RESTORATION
  • Institution
  • HEALTH RESTORATION

Health Restoration Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers Parental - answeroutside of your gut men - answeris cancer higher in men or women? cancer - answergroup of of disease characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated growth of cells defective cell proliferation - answer(growth) grow so f...

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  • September 30, 2024
  • 35
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • HEALTH RESTORATION
  • HEALTH RESTORATION
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©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025




Health Restoration Exam 1 Questions With
Verified Answers


Parental - answer✔outside of your gut

men - answer✔is cancer higher in men or women?

cancer - answer✔group of of disease characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated growth of
cells

defective cell proliferation - answer✔(growth) grow so fast, out of control
on/off switches (mutation is on all the time-facuet on all the time, ex bleed= hemoglobin is at 7
then when u get back to 12 off switch says ok thats enough but with cancer it just doesnt stop.

Defective cell differentiation - answer✔so many WBC but they are broken so they dont work
two types-
1. proto-oncogenes
2. tumor suppressor genes

proto-oncogenes - answer✔Regulate normal promotion of growth (on switch) GO

tumor suppressor genes - answer✔Suppress growth (off switch) STOP

Carcinogenesis - answer✔1. Initiation
2. Promotion
3. Progression

Initiation of carcinogenesis - answer✔Carcinogenic mutations
Reversed by DNA repair mechanisms
Apoptosis
Cell senescence

promotion of carcinogenesis - answer✔Mutations usually not significant until here

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


Exposure to co-carcinogens
Co-carcinogens: tobacco, hormones, viruses, obesity

progression of carcinogenesis - answer✔Increased malignant behavior
Angiogenesis, invasion, mestastasis
Proto-oncogenes mutate to oncogenes
Permanent "on switch" for cell proliferation

Etiology of cancer (viruses) - answer✔Epstein- Barr (EBV)
Hodgkin lymphoma
HIV
HPV
Cervical cancer

Etiology of cancer (environment) - answer✔Sunlight (UV)
Radiation
Chronic inflammation

Prevention of cancer - answer✔1. Primary (prevents)
2. Secondary (screens)
3. Tertiary (treats)

Primary (prevents) (cancer) - answer✔-health promotion and risk reduction such as;
•less alcohol
•healthy diet
•no smoking
•wear sunscreen
•exercise
•get vaccines

Secondary (screens) (cancer) - answer✔-secondary screening and early detection
-decrease morbidity and mortality

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


Such as:
•ultrasounds, MRI's, imaging, labs, mammograms, cancer screens, getting blood work

Tertiary (treats) (cancer) - answer✔-monitoring & preventing reoccurrence of primary cancer
-screening for secondary malignancies in cancer survivors

Flares - answer✔Things that attach

Oncogene - answer✔"Bad gene"
Cancer producing gene

Proto-oncogene - answer✔Gene capable of becoming cancer producing gene
Lose normal regulating functions
On switch- multiplication

'Ras' Rat Sarcoma - answer✔Normal family of genes involved in controlling cell growth and
death
When mutates it's a permanent turn on cell

Proto-oncogene examples - answer✔ERBB2- breast cancer
BRAF- melanomas
BCR-ABL- CML
KRAS- esophagus, colon, pancreas

Apoptosis - answer✔Natural destruction of cells when they reach their life span

TP53 tumor suppressor gene - answer✔Slow cell division, repair DNA, apoptosis
When suppressor gene mutates- no brake, cells grow out of control
Tumor suppressor causes cancer when they are inactivated (turned off)

Tp53 examples - answer✔P53- mapped to chromosome
BRCA1/ BRCA2 genes- responsible for 5-10% of breast cancer
APC gene- colon cancer

TSA (tumor specific antigens) - answer✔1. Tumor burden - how much cancer is in a person
2. RX- treatment, see if reoccurrence

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


3. Reoccurrence ? (Follow up)!

Malignant neoplasms - answer✔Undifferentiated, mitosis more rapid (oncogenes), no growth
suppression signals

-gensis - answer✔Birth of blood vessels

Neoplasms spread by... - answer✔Invasion - growth into surrounding tissues
Metastasis- spread from primary to distant sites

Tumor escape mechanism - answer✔Disgusted and camoflouaged
Weak surface allows Cancer cells to sneak through surveillance

Hematogenous spread - answer✔Related to vascularity of tumors
Attach to endothelium
Allows cancer cells to enter basement membrane

Lymphatic spread - answer✔Most common- metastasis
Communicated w lymphatic fluid

Angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels) - answer✔When tumor increases in size, developing
new blood supply is critical to survival and growth

Seven warning signs of cancer - answer✔1. A change in bowel or bladder habits
2. A sore that does not heal
3. Any unusual bleeding or discharge
4. A thickening or lump
5. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
6. An obvious change in a wart or a mole
7. A nagging cough or hoarseness

Tumor classification system - answer✔Grading- cell differentiation
Staging- extent of disease
Provide standardized way to....
1. Communicate status of cancer
2. Assist in effective Tx plan

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