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Frontier PC 707 Advanced Pharmacology Final Safety Exam Questions And Complete Answers

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Frontier PC 707 Advanced Pharmacology Final Safety Exam Questions And Complete Answers What are ADRs? What is the APRNs responsibility in ADRs? Adverse drug reactions 1) pharmacological (predictable) 2) idiosyneratic (unpredicted/severe); APRN: document & record specific reaction & drug; i...

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  • October 13, 2024
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  • PC 707
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Frontier PC 707 Advanced Pharmacology
Final Safety Exam Questions And Complete
Answers

What are ADRs? What is the APRNs responsibility in ADRs? Adverse drug reactions 1)

pharmacological (predictable) 2) idiosyneratic (unpredicted/severe); APRN: document & record

specific reaction & drug; injury involved; FDA reporting




Concepts of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in safety. Pharmacokinetics- how

body handles drug or how it moves through the




Understand biotransformation, enzyme induction and inhibition and Grapefruit and CYP 450.

enzyme Inhibitors: decrease CYP450 enzymes, increasing pharmacological action of the

drug (more drug, more action); basically inhibit the metabolizing system. Enzyme Induction:

induces the CYP450 causing increased amount of CYP450 which results in the increased

metabolism, which decreases pharmacologic action of the drug.




Grapefruit juice prevents certain drugs in GI system from breaking down or metabolizing,

therefore when combined with certain drugs it equals increased action.




Common side effects skin reactions-happen commonly; also nausea, headache, dizziness

, Frontier PC 707 Advanced Pharmacology
Final Safety Exam Questions And Complete
Answers

Serious side effects those that result in death; life threatening, hospitalization,

dehibilitating, prolonged QT prolongation




Absolute contraindication DO NOT prescribe




Relative contraindication risk of not using the med may outweigh risk of using




Precautions consider risk, benefits & alternatives (pregnancy/lactation, pediatric, elderly)




Understand medication reconciliation and safety. Always ask about Allergies. Detail

review of pt medication hx including herbals, OTCs or PRN meds DO THIS AT EVERY VISIT.

A-allergies V-vitamins O-old drugs/OTC I-Interactions D-dependence M-mendel-family hx-

benefits or reactions; goal of therapy -related drug class -MOA -features of specific drugs -how

do they get into body (PO, inject)-metabolized and excretion

, Frontier PC 707 Advanced Pharmacology
Final Safety Exam Questions And Complete
Answers
Know The World Health Organization (WHO) Six Step Model of Rational Prescribing 1-

define pt problem 2-specify therapeutic objective 3-choose tx 4-start tx 5-educate pt 6- monitor

effectiveness




Review physiologic changes in the elderly. Increased gastric PH; decreased peristalisis

(increased length of time for absorption to occur); decreased muscle mass; decreased total body

water (decreased distribution); decreased liver mass (effects metabolism); Also polypharmacy >5

drugs




Review physiologic changes in pregnancy. Numerous changes-most drugs don't need

dosage change Increased volume= decreased albumin=increased unbound drug=increased

clearance Increased blood flow to organs, increased GFR Increased renal excretion Decreased

gastric motility=longer transport times, increased bioavailability Ex) SSRI-3rd trimester

increased metabolism & increased excretion = increased amounts, more frequent dosing because

of increased excretion, and longer transport/distribution




Review physiologic changes in peds. Higher rate of metabolism; drugs are less protein

bound, higher water concentration= increased distribution. Dosing based on kg; Infants= organ

, Frontier PC 707 Advanced Pharmacology
Final Safety Exam Questions And Complete
Answers
immaturity which can increase toxicity (decreased metabolism & excretion); underdeveloped

blood brain barriar=drugs readily to CNS; PO drugs not absorbed well due to variable peristalsis




What is Beers list and STOPP Tools and use implications? BEERS-1991 used to identify

harmful drugs for elderly; >65 START-screening tool STOPP-screening tool >65 Tools-benefit

outweighs risk, use drug; Guidelines not protocols




Understand the impact of genomics and metabolism. Personalization of drug; each pt

responds differently to drugs based on individual genetic makeup; genetic data can guide

selection of drugs & avoid ADRs; cheek swab (inadequate efficacy & safety); especially

important for depression meds




What is a teratogen? Causing malformation of embryo-characterized by effect at gestation

time




Scheduled drugs and RX writing Scheduled: controlled substances (I-V); high potential

for abuse (some narcotic, some not) Prescription drugs: not all are scheduled, need a script;

cannot buy over the counter ex) PCN

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