A&P- Anatomy and Physiology Certified
Exam Questions and Answers |100%
Correct| 2024/2025 Latest Version
What is the primary role of the mitochondria in a cell?
The mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular
respiration.
Describe the structural ...
A&P- Anatomy and Physiology Certified
Exam Questions and Answers |100%
Correct| 2024/2025 Latest Version
What is the primary role of the mitochondria in a cell?
The mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular
respiration.
Describe the structural difference between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle.
Smooth muscle lacks striations and is involuntary, while skeletal muscle is striated and under
voluntary control.
What is the main function of the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton provides support and protection for the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic
organs.
Explain the process of osmosis in cells.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an
area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
What is the function of the synapse in the nervous system?
The synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to
transmit signals to the next neuron.
1
,Describe how the endocrine system differs from the nervous system in controlling body
functions.
The endocrine system controls body functions through hormones, which have slower but
longer-lasting effects, while the nervous system uses electrical impulses for fast, short-term
control.
What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body.
Explain the significance of homeostasis in maintaining the body’s internal environment.
Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment, such
as temperature and pH, which is essential for normal cellular function.
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
The integumentary system protects the body from external harm, regulates temperature, and
prevents water loss.
Describe the role of the liver in digestion and metabolism.
The liver produces bile, which helps digest fats, and plays a key role in metabolizing
nutrients, detoxifying harmful substances, and regulating blood sugar levels.
What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?
2
, Alveoli are tiny air sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between
the lungs and the blood.
Explain the process of muscle contraction in skeletal muscles.
Muscle contraction occurs when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening
the sarcomere, which is triggered by calcium ions and ATP.
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance, absorbs fats from the digestive tract, and
plays a key role in immune function by transporting lymph, which contains white blood cells.
How does the cardiovascular system contribute to homeostasis?
The cardiovascular system helps maintain homeostasis by delivering oxygen and nutrients to
tissues, removing waste products, and regulating body temperature through blood circulation.
Describe the function of synovial fluid in joints.
Synovial fluid lubricates joints, reduces friction between bones, and nourishes cartilage,
allowing for smooth movement.
What is the primary role of the kidneys in the excretory system?
The kidneys filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood to produce urine, which is
excreted from the body.
3
, Explain the role of neurotransmitters in the transmission of nerve impulses.
Neurotransmitters are chemicals released at the synapse that bind to receptors on the next
neuron, allowing the electrical signal to continue along the nervous pathway.
What is the primary function of the large intestine in digestion?
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter and forms
solid waste (feces) for excretion.
How does the respiratory system work with the circulatory system to deliver oxygen to the body?
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs, where it diffuses into the bloodstream
and is transported by the circulatory system to tissues throughout the body.
Describe the difference between tendons and ligaments.
Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement, while ligaments connect bones
to other bones, providing stability in joints.
What is the role of enzymes in the digestive system?
Enzymes break down large food molecules into smaller, absorbable components, such as
proteins into amino acids, carbohydrates into sugars, and fats into fatty acids.
Explain how the body regulates blood sugar levels.
4
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