Latest Version!! MIDWIFERY - Anatomy
and Physiology (Year 1) Final Exam
Questions and Answers |100% Correct|
2024/2025
Explain the role of the placenta in fetal development.
The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus and removes waste products
from the fetus's blood...
Latest Version!! MIDWIFERY - Anatomy
and Physiology (Year 1) Final Exam
Questions and Answers |100% Correct|
2024/2025
Explain the role of the placenta in fetal development.
The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus and removes waste products
from the fetus's blood.
Identify the hormone responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy.
Progesterone is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy.
What is the role of oxytocin during labor?
Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions, facilitating the progression of labor.
Define the term "episiotomy" and its purpose during childbirth.
An episiotomy is a surgical cut made in the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening and
prevent tearing during childbirth.
Describe the process of fertilization in human reproduction.
Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell penetrates and fuses with an egg, typically in the
fallopian tube, leading to the formation of a zygote.
1
,What is the anatomical significance of the amniotic sac in pregnancy?
The amniotic sac encloses the fetus, cushioning it and providing a protective environment
during pregnancy.
Explain the role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in early pregnancy.
hCG maintains the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to sustain the early stages of
pregnancy.
Identify the primary function of the umbilical cord.
The umbilical cord transports oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus
and removes deoxygenated blood and waste.
What changes occur in the cervix during the first stage of labor?
The cervix dilates and effaces to allow the passage of the baby during the first stage of labor.
Discuss the importance of folic acid during pregnancy.
Folic acid is crucial in preventing neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, during fetal
development.
Describe the function of the mammary glands in the female reproductive system.
The mammary glands produce milk to nourish the newborn after birth.
Explain how the cardiovascular system adapts to support pregnancy.
2
, Blood volume increases, heart rate rises, and cardiac output elevates to meet the increased
oxygen and nutrient demands of the growing fetus.
What role do the pelvic floor muscles play in childbirth?
The pelvic floor muscles support the uterus and other pelvic organs and assist in the process
of pushing during childbirth.
Describe the hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle in relation to ovulation.
Estrogen levels rise, leading to the thickening of the uterine lining, and a surge in luteinizing
hormone (LH) triggers ovulation.
Explain the significance of the fetal heart rate in assessing fetal well-being.
The fetal heart rate provides insight into the oxygenation and overall health of the fetus
during pregnancy and labor.
What is the role of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
Estrogen regulates the menstrual cycle, prepares the uterine lining for pregnancy, and
supports the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
Identify the anatomical location and function of the ovaries.
The ovaries are located on either side of the uterus and are responsible for producing eggs
(ova) and secreting hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
3
, Describe the physiological process of lactation.
Lactation is the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands, stimulated by
prolactin and the release of oxytocin during breastfeeding.
Explain the importance of the pelvic inlet and outlet in the process of labor and delivery.
The pelvic inlet and outlet are bony landmarks that determine the dimensions of the birth
canal, which are critical for the baby's passage during labor.
What role does the hormone relaxin play during pregnancy?
Relaxin softens the ligaments and tissues in the pelvis, making them more flexible to
facilitate childbirth.
Identify the primary stages of the menstrual cycle.
The primary stages of the menstrual cycle are the menstrual phase, follicular phase,
ovulation, and luteal phase.
Discuss the significance of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy.
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which maintains the uterine lining and supports the
early stages of pregnancy.
Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of reproductive biology.
Mitosis is the division of somatic cells resulting in two identical cells, while meiosis is the
division of gametes (sperm and egg cells), producing four genetically unique cells.
4
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