Law and Society: Exam #1 Actual Questions And Correct Verified Answers.
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Module
LAW AND SOCIETY
Institution
LAW AND SOCIETY
sociology - correct answer the study of society;
o a social science involving the study of the social lives of people, groups, and societies;
o the study of our behavior as social beings, covering everything from the analysis of short contacts between
anonymo...
o a social science involving the study of the social lives of people, groups, and societies;
o the study of our behavior as social beings, covering everything from the analysis of short contacts
between
anonymous individuals on the street to the study of global social processes;
o the scientific study of social aggregations, the entities through which humans move throughout their
lives';
and,
o an overarching unification of all studies of humankind, including history, psychology, and economics.
sociology of law - correct answer The sociology of law is an intellectual project in
which empirical data are used to
describe and explain the behavior of legal actors.
Empirical - using the senses - research - not just philosophical or moral or speculative (i.e.
like natural scientists - test hypotheses - be able to reproduce findings)
Marx - Alienation - correct answer Alienation: What Happens to Human Personality
in a Capitalist Society
Human nature:
Neither fixed nor transcendent
Molds/adapts to social environment
Social environment is created by our everyday activities and choices
Alienation ensues when humans lose control of their creative faculties
Alienation results from historically produced tensions between potential and realization
Irony of Capitalism = creates unlimited potential for human development and at
the same time hinders that development by creating warped social relationships
(division of labor)
,Four Dimensions of Alienation from Anthony Giddens:
1 - Worker lacks control over products of labor
2 - Worker lacks control over process itself
3 - All human relationships are reduced to instrumental market relationships
4 - Humans are estranged from & enslaved by their own social institutions
Law Superstructure - correct answer Legal & Political Superstructure—ideological
production & content
Contains religion, morals, culture, and ideologies
Implications for / effect on Law:
Law is part of the Superstructure
"The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas... The class
which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means
of mental production, so that thereby, generally speaking, the ideas of those who lack the mans of
mental production are subject to it."
Positivism — using objective evidence to develop general causal explanations for human behavior
Focused on proving legitimacy of social science, methodology similar to hard sciences
Social Facts
Necessary to empirically study otherwise idealistic and subjective nature of morality
Durkheim's social pathology - correct answer Social Pathology — crime dramatized
through punishment is an "integrative element of
a healthy society"
Durkheim's solidarity - correct answer Types of Social Solidarity
Mechanical - normally operates in "traditional" and small-scale societies.[2] In simpler societies (e.g.,
tribal), solidarity is usually based on kinship ties of familial networks.
Organic - social integration that arises out of the need of individuals for one another's services. In a
society characterized by organic solidarity, there is relatively greater division of labour, with individuals
, functioning much like the interdependent but differentiated organs of a living body. Society relies less
on imposing uniform rules on everyone and more on regulating the relations between different groups
and persons, often through the greater use of contracts and laws.o Law = visible symbol of social
solidarity
Durkheim - Why is crime a social pathology? - correct answer Punishment neither
useful for deterrence or rehabilitation
If it were, each punishment would only be linked to criminal motivation, not
social perceptions of severity of the crime itself and incorrigible criminals would
be punished harshly for even minor transgressions
Durkheim's Positive and Negative Resolution - correct answer Two Types:
Positive — draws people into enduring relationships (e.g. contract law)
Negative — seeks to make individuals whole and erase human harm (e.g.
personal injury / tort law)
Black: Law behaves/law carries directly with social rank - correct answer Law varies
directly with social rank
Variations:
Lower ranks have less law than higher ranks
Lower ranks utilize less law than higher ranks
Lower ranks are less successful in utilizing law then higher ranks
What did black NOT use to predict behavior? - correct answer psychology
Rational economic system - correct answer Rationalization: means-ends calculations
Property of the social order, not individuals
Capitalism is rational economic system - forces long term thinking
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