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Psych 2010 - Chapter 3: Hereditary Influences on Development Test Banks
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Psych 2010 - Chapter 3: Hereditary Influences onDevelopment Test Banks
54. Most genetically inherited human characteristics, such as
height, weight, and intelligence, are influenced by many allele
pairs. What is this phenomenon called?
a. polygenic inheritance
b. epigenetics
c. simple codominant inheritance
d. independent assortment Correct Answer a. polygenic
inheritance
59. Are most chromosomal abnormalities lethal or nonlethal?
a. Most are lethal and result in spontaneous abortion.
b. Most are nonlethal and result in Down syndrome.
c. Most are nonlethal and result in fragile-X syndrome.
d. Most are lethal and result in eventual death during childhood
or adolescence. Correct Answer a. most are lethal and result in
spontaneous abortion
A genetically extroverted child might seek out situations that
involve abundant social interactions. This choice of
environments will in turn influence the child's personality
development. What would Scarr and McCartney call this
interaction?
a. a passive genotype/environment interaction
b. an evocative genotype/environment interaction
c. an active genotype/environment interaction
,d. a canalization/reaction range interaction Correct Answer c.
an active genotype/environment interaction
A genetically introverted child might seek out situations that do
not involve interactions with other people. This choice of
environments will in turn influence the child's personality
development. What would Scarr and McCartney call this
interaction?
a. a passive genotype/environment interaction
b. an evocative genotype/environment interaction
c. an active genotype/environment interaction
d. a canalization/reaction range interaction Correct Answer c.
an active genotype/environment interaction
According to Rowe and Plomin's research, what can you
conclude if nonshared environmental influences are found to
play a major role in the development of personality traits?
a. Environmental differences between individuals contribute
more strongly than do similarities.
b.Environmental similarities between individuals contribute
more strongly than do similarities.
c. Environmental differences and similarities contribute equally.
d.Environmental influences contribute very little, regardless of
whether they are shared or unshared. Correct Answer a.
environmental differences between individuals contribute more
strongly than do similarities
According to Scarr and McCartney, when are passive
genotype/environment correlations most important?
,a. during adolescence
b. during middle childhood
c. during infancy and early childhood
d. during the prenatal period Correct Answer c. during infancy
and early adulthood
According to the text, what is the cause of Down syndrome?
a. the action of a dominant gene contributed by the
mother
b. the presence of extra sex chromosomes
c. the presence of an extra 21st chromosome
d. the action of a dominant gene contributed by the father
Correct Answer c. the presence of an extra 21st chromosome
Annelle has a sex chromosome abnormality. Her appearance is
typical for a woman and although her IQ is in the low normal
range, she seems to have difficulty on tasks that require verbal
reasoning. Based on this description, which syndrome does
Annelle have?
a. turner syndrome
b. fragile-x syndrome
c. klinefelter syndrome
d. poly-x syndrome Correct Answer d. poly-x syndrome
Antonio has a sex chromosome abnormality. He is taller than
most of his friends and his body proportions are slightly
feminized. He scored within the normal range on a recent
intelligence test, although his score for the verbal scale was
, lower than average. Based on this description, which syndrome
does Antonio have?
a. turner syndrome
b. fragile-x syndrome
c. klinefelter syndrome
d. supermale syndrome Correct Answer c. klinefelter syndrome
Assume that having long arms is a recessive genetic trait
controlled by a single pair of genes. If a child has long arms, but
both the child's biological parents have short arms, what are the
parents' genotypes for this trait?
a. The father is heterozygous and the mother is homozygous.
b. Both parents are heterozygous.
c. The mother is heterozygous and the father is homozygous.
d. Both parents are homozygous. Correct Answer b. both
parents are heterozygous
Axel produces a protein that causes mucus to obstruct his lungs
and digestive tract. What disease does Axel have?
a. tay-sachs disease
b. cystic fibrosis
c. muscular dystrophy
d. hemophilia Correct Answer b. cystic fibrosis
Based on current research, how do heredity and environment
contribute to adult personality?
a. Heredity is the primary determining factor.
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