1. What is a pulmonary embolism?
Answer
An obstruction of blood flow in part of pulmonary vascular system by an embolus
2. What is a thromboemboli?
Answer
An embolus that originates in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis
3. What is the most common cause of PE?
Answer
Thromboemboli
4. What can be an embolus?
Answer
Anything that blocks the flow of blood
5. What is the process of hemodynamic consequences that occur because of a PE?
Answer
- Pulmonary vascular resistance increases because of the clot
- Right ventricle fails when workload exceeds capacity
- Cardiac output decreases
- Systemic blood pressure decreases
- Pt goes into shock
6. What are the three classifications of PE?
Answer
- Massive
- Submassive
, - Low risk
7. What are the characteristics of a massive PE?
Answer
- Prolonged hypotension requiring pharmacological support
- Right and left ventricle dysfunction
- Shock and/or cardiac arrest
8. What are the characteristics of submassive PE?
Answer
- Normal blood pressure
- Right ventricular dysfunction-evidenced by echocardiogram
- Myocardial necrosis indicated by elevated troponin I and elevated BNP
9. What are the characteristics of low risk PE?
Answer
- Normal BP
- No right ventricular dysfunction, no elevated biomarkers (troponin or BNP)
10. What are the expected ABG results of a pt with PE?
Answer
- Pt will present with respiratory alkalosis d/t hyperventilation
- This will eventually turn into respiratory acidosis d/t body overcompensation causing CO2
trapping
11. What are dead space areas of the lung?
Answer
Areas that are ventilated but not perfused
12. What is a saddle embolism?
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