Definition 1 of 59
develop a rule to calculate P(A | B) from information about P(B | A)
time series data
baye's theorem
scatter plots
pareto charts
Definition 2 of 59
identifies the number of standard deviations a particular value is from the mean of its
distribution. has no units
- zero for values equal to the mean
- positive for values above the mean
- negative for values below the mean
+3 or -3 considered outliers
z-score
line chart
percentile
histogram
Definition 3 of 59
shows the number of data observations that fall into specific intervals
Graphically summarize information not readily observable by merely looking at data in a table
standard deviation
histogram
frequency distribution
descriptive statistics
,Definition 4 of 59
non-representative sample
-can lead to distorted findings
-can occur intentionally or unintentionally
-results can be manipulated by how we ask questions and who is responding to them
scatter plots
experiments
line chart
biased samples
Definition 5 of 59
1. Equal-size classes. All classes in the frequency distribution must be of equal width
2. Mutually exclusive classes. Class boundaries cannot overlap
3. Include all data values. Make sure all data values are accounted for in the total row of the
frequency distribution
4. Avoid empty classes. It is undesirable for a histogram to display a class so narrow that there
are no observations in it
5. Avoid open-ended classes (if possible). These violate the first rule of equal class sizes
types of displaying for qualitative data
3 types of continuous probability distributions
discrete probability distribution
rules for classes for grouped data
,Definition 6 of 59
range:
Easy to calculate and understand
Only based on two numbers in the data set
(Ignores the way in which data are distributed)
Sensitive to outliers:
advantages/disadvantages to using different measures of variability
the importance of using a single measure for all data sets
the effects of sample size on statistical significance
how to calculate the mean of a data set
Definition 7 of 59
square root of the variance
A measure of how far on average each data value is from the mean of the sample
common measure of consistency in business applications, such as quality control
affected by the scale of the data. when sample means are different, it can be difficult to
compare standard deviations
sample variance
standard deviation
frequency distribution
coefficient of variation
, Definition 8 of 59
data that are transformed into useful facts that can be used for a specific purpose, such as
making a decision, making a sale, predicting patterns, etc
can be done by observing patterns or trends in data
information
data
inferential statistics
statistics
Definition 9 of 59
1 of 3 types of primary data collection
direct observation: Observing subjects in their natural environment
Focus group: asking a group to do something
Example: Watching to see if drivers stop at a stop sign
direct observation or focus group
experiments
methods of assigning probability
sample correlation coefficient
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