In teaching a patient about coronary artery disease, the nurse explains that the changes that occur in
this disorder include (select all that apply)
a. diffuse involvement of plaque formation in coronary veins
b. abnormal levels of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoproteins
c. accumulation of lipid and fibrous tissue within the coronary arteries
d. development of angina due to a decreased blood supply to the heart muscle
e. chronic vasoconstriction of coronary arteries leading to permanent vasospasm - correct answer ✔✔b.
abnormal levels of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoproteins
c. accumulation of lipid and fibrous tissue within the coronary arteries
d. development of angina due to a decreased blood supply to the heart muscle
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the major cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) and is characterized by a
focal deposit of cholesterol and lipids, primarily within the intimal wall of the artery. The endothelial
lining of the coronary arteries becomes inflamed from the presence of unstable plaques and the
oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Fibrous plaque causes progressive changes in the
endothelium of the arterial wall. The result is a narrowing of the vessel lumen and a reduction in blood
flow to the myocardial tissue.
After teaching about ways to decrease risk factors for CAD, the nurse recognizes that additional
instruction is needed when the patient says
a. "I would like to add weight lifting to my exercise program."
b. "I can only keep my blood pressure normal with medication"
c. "I can change my diet to decrease my intake of saturated fats."
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