NUR 122 Peds Test 2-Gastrointestinal & Genitourinary
Study Guide Questions And Answers
Which of the following will the nurse recognize as a major goal of treatment for children with
cerebral palsy? ANS Promoting a maximum level of independence
The nurse is teaching the familiy about nephrotic syndrome and explains the clinical manifestations
are due to which of the following? ANS Increased permeability of the glomeruli
A 2 year old is admitted to the neurosurgical unit following a head injury. The nurse is using the
Glasgow Coma Scale to measure neurological functioning. Which of the following assessment
findings indicate the lowest level of functioning for this child? ANS No response to painful
stimuli
The nurse is caring for a 4-month old infant who has had an isolated cleft lip repair. What is the best
position for the child in the immediate postoperative period? ANS Supine
A 2 month old infant is brought to the pediatric clinic. The infant has had vomiting and diarrhea for
24 hours. The infant is irritable and his anterior fontanel is sunken. Which of the following will help
confirm the diagnosis of dehydration? ANS Analysis of serum electrolytes
A nurse is caring for a newborn infant with spina bifida (myelomeningocele) who is scheduled for
surgical closure of the sac. In the preoperative period, the priority nursing diagnosis would be: ANS
Risk for infection
A nurse is caring for a child recently diagnosed with cerebral palsy and the parents of the child ask
the nurse about their disorder. The nurse bases her response on understanding that cerebral palsy is:
ANS A chronic disorder characterized by impaired muscle movement and posture.
The nurse is caring for a 4 year old who weighs 15 kg (33lbs). At the end of a 10- hour period, the
nurse notes the urine output to be 150 mL. The nurse determines that the urinary output for this child
during the period is: ANS within the expected range of output---(child normal range is 0.5 to
1ml/kg/hr)
, Urinary output ranges: ANS Check: The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is 800 to 2000
milliliters per day (with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day). Oliguria is urine output < 500
mL in 24 h (0.5 mL/kg/h) in an adult. Oliguria is urine output < 1 L in 24 h (1 mL/kg/h) in a child.
Calculating urinary output: ANS Check: Pediatric Urine Output Calculation. The expected urine
output for an adult is > 0.5mL/kg/hour, so an average adult of 70kg would be expected to produce
35-40ml/hour of urine. For children, the expected urine output is closer to 1ml/kg/hour. The normal
urine output for adults is 1 ml/min, regardless of weight.
The predominant signs of or symptoms of hydrocephalus are different in infants as compared to older
children. ANS True (due to anterior and posterior fontanels closures in infants)
The nurse is caring for a 14 year old girl with celiac disease. The nurse knows that the patient
understands the diet instructions by ordering which of the following meals? ANS cheese, banana
slices, rice cakes and whole milk (must be gluten free)
GI differences in a pediatric patient: ANS Small stomach capacity (spits up more if full & fed
more often in smaller amts); relaxed cardiac sphincter (When relaxed, a sphincter allows materials to
pass through the opening. When contracted, it closes the opening.); bowel mvmts several x per day;
decreased enzymes (difficulty digest proteins except for breast milk); belly distention from gas
(colicky, gasey); immature liver (decreased enzymes for digestion); usually health babies, sometimes
premies
Cardiac sphincter ANS circular muscles located where the lower end of the esophagus joins the
stomach. The muscle serves as the valve that contracts to prevent acid reflux and relaxes to allow
food to pass.
Assessment guidelines for The Child With a Gastrointestinal Condition: ANS Inspect, auscultate,
palpate, percuss, mouth and esophagus, nutrition, stool, family history
Abdomen—inspection ANS • Observe the shape of the abdomen.
• Note any abdominal distention. Measure abdominal girth.
• Observe the umbilicus for protrusion.
• Observe for peristaltic waves (visible rhythmic contractions of the intestinal wall smooth muscle).
Study Guide Questions And Answers
Which of the following will the nurse recognize as a major goal of treatment for children with
cerebral palsy? ANS Promoting a maximum level of independence
The nurse is teaching the familiy about nephrotic syndrome and explains the clinical manifestations
are due to which of the following? ANS Increased permeability of the glomeruli
A 2 year old is admitted to the neurosurgical unit following a head injury. The nurse is using the
Glasgow Coma Scale to measure neurological functioning. Which of the following assessment
findings indicate the lowest level of functioning for this child? ANS No response to painful
stimuli
The nurse is caring for a 4-month old infant who has had an isolated cleft lip repair. What is the best
position for the child in the immediate postoperative period? ANS Supine
A 2 month old infant is brought to the pediatric clinic. The infant has had vomiting and diarrhea for
24 hours. The infant is irritable and his anterior fontanel is sunken. Which of the following will help
confirm the diagnosis of dehydration? ANS Analysis of serum electrolytes
A nurse is caring for a newborn infant with spina bifida (myelomeningocele) who is scheduled for
surgical closure of the sac. In the preoperative period, the priority nursing diagnosis would be: ANS
Risk for infection
A nurse is caring for a child recently diagnosed with cerebral palsy and the parents of the child ask
the nurse about their disorder. The nurse bases her response on understanding that cerebral palsy is:
ANS A chronic disorder characterized by impaired muscle movement and posture.
The nurse is caring for a 4 year old who weighs 15 kg (33lbs). At the end of a 10- hour period, the
nurse notes the urine output to be 150 mL. The nurse determines that the urinary output for this child
during the period is: ANS within the expected range of output---(child normal range is 0.5 to
1ml/kg/hr)
, Urinary output ranges: ANS Check: The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is 800 to 2000
milliliters per day (with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day). Oliguria is urine output < 500
mL in 24 h (0.5 mL/kg/h) in an adult. Oliguria is urine output < 1 L in 24 h (1 mL/kg/h) in a child.
Calculating urinary output: ANS Check: Pediatric Urine Output Calculation. The expected urine
output for an adult is > 0.5mL/kg/hour, so an average adult of 70kg would be expected to produce
35-40ml/hour of urine. For children, the expected urine output is closer to 1ml/kg/hour. The normal
urine output for adults is 1 ml/min, regardless of weight.
The predominant signs of or symptoms of hydrocephalus are different in infants as compared to older
children. ANS True (due to anterior and posterior fontanels closures in infants)
The nurse is caring for a 14 year old girl with celiac disease. The nurse knows that the patient
understands the diet instructions by ordering which of the following meals? ANS cheese, banana
slices, rice cakes and whole milk (must be gluten free)
GI differences in a pediatric patient: ANS Small stomach capacity (spits up more if full & fed
more often in smaller amts); relaxed cardiac sphincter (When relaxed, a sphincter allows materials to
pass through the opening. When contracted, it closes the opening.); bowel mvmts several x per day;
decreased enzymes (difficulty digest proteins except for breast milk); belly distention from gas
(colicky, gasey); immature liver (decreased enzymes for digestion); usually health babies, sometimes
premies
Cardiac sphincter ANS circular muscles located where the lower end of the esophagus joins the
stomach. The muscle serves as the valve that contracts to prevent acid reflux and relaxes to allow
food to pass.
Assessment guidelines for The Child With a Gastrointestinal Condition: ANS Inspect, auscultate,
palpate, percuss, mouth and esophagus, nutrition, stool, family history
Abdomen—inspection ANS • Observe the shape of the abdomen.
• Note any abdominal distention. Measure abdominal girth.
• Observe the umbilicus for protrusion.
• Observe for peristaltic waves (visible rhythmic contractions of the intestinal wall smooth muscle).
