Nur 350 Ch 10: drug therapy in pediatric patients Marshall University All Possible Questions and Answers
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Nur 350 Ch 10: drug therapy in pediatric patients
Institution
Nur 350 Ch 10: Drug Therapy In Pediatric Patients
Pediatric patients respond differently to drugs than the rest of the population - ️️-
More sensitive to drugs than other patients are
-Show greater individual variation
-Sensitivity due mainly to organ system immaturity
-Increased risk for adverse drug reactions
oral administration - ️�...
Nur 350 Ch 10: drug therapy in pediatric
patients Marshall University
Pediatric patients respond differently to drugs than the rest of the population - ✔️✔️-
More sensitive to drugs than other patients are
-Show greater individual variation
-Sensitivity due mainly to organ system immaturity
-Increased risk for adverse drug reactions
oral administration - ✔️✔️Gastric emptying time can be prolonged and irregular,
doesn't reach adult function until 6 to 8 months
Gastric acidity is very low 24 hrs after birth; doesn't reach adult values for 2 yrs; low
acidity increases absorption of acid-labile drugs
full-term infants - ✔️✔️36-40 wks
neonates - ✔️✔️first 4 weeks postnatal
infants - ✔️✔️week 5 - 52 postnatal
children - ✔️✔️1-12 years
adolescents - ✔️✔️12-16 years
pediatric patients - ✔️✔️All patients younger than 16 years old
_______________ of drugs used in pediatrics have never been tested in pediatric
patients - ✔️✔️2/3
Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (2002)
Pediatric Research Equity Act of 2003 - ✔️✔️These laws were permanently
reauthorized as part of the FDA Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) of 2012
______ of drugs were ineffective for children even though they were effective for adults
- ✔️✔️20%
_____ of drugs caused unanticipated side effects, some of which were potentially lethal
- ✔️✔️30 %
, __% of drugs required dosages different from those that had been extrapolated from
dosages used in adults - ✔️✔️20
Pharmacokinetics: Neonates and infants - ✔️✔️difficult when Determining the
concentration of a drug at its sites of action
Determining the intensity of the duration of response - ✔️✔️Elevated drug levels =
more intense response
Delayed elimination = prolonged response
Immaturity of organs puts patient at risk for both of these responses
plasma drug levels following iv injection in the infant will - ✔️✔️remain higher for a
longer period of time
plasma drug levels following a subQ injection in the infant will - ✔️✔️remain higher with
a greater duration of action
Drug Therapy in
Neonates and Infants - ✔️✔️Increased sensitivity in infants:
Immature state of five pharmacokinetic processes:
-Absorption
-Protein binding of drugs
-Blood-brain barrier
-Hepatic metabolism
-Renal drug excretion
Distribution - ✔️✔️-Protein binding
-Blood-brain barrier
Intramuscular administration - ✔️✔️-Slow
-Erratic
-Delayed absorption as a result of low blood flow during the first few days of life
-During early infancy, absorption of intramuscular drugs more rapid than in neonates
and adults
Transdermal absorption - ✔️✔️-More rapid and complete for infants than for older
children and adults
-Stratum corneum of infant's skin is very thin
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