In an ideal world archeology... - ANSWER-reflects the past perfectly
Pompeii - ANSWER--Ash fell up to 6 inches an hour and made buildings collapse; Covered buildings and people acting as a mold, ultimately preserving the forms of the perished people.
- Pyroclastic surge: pieces of volcanic deb...
ASB 222 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
In an ideal world archeology... - ANSWER-reflects the past perfectly
Pompeii - ANSWER--Ash fell up to 6 inches an hour and made buildings collapse;
Covered buildings and people acting as a mold, ultimately preserving the forms of the
perished people.
- Pyroclastic surge: pieces of volcanic debris that rolled down the mountain at extremely
high speeds; what really killed people
○ Erupted August 25th
Archeological Record - ANSWER-study of past behavior and formation processes (how
archeological records are formed)
Dynamic and Archeological Context - ANSWER-- Dynamic: actively being used in time
period
- Archeological: things we are looking at now from the past
Formation Processes - ANSWER-- When dynamic context switches to archeological
context
- Transform the material remnants of past behavior
- They can:
- Modify objects
- Move objects around
- Dissociate objects that were used together
- Can create spurious association between unrelated objects
Decrease/increase quantities of objects
Depositional Processes - ANSWER-Transforms material remnants from dynamic to
archeological context
Cultural Disturbance processes - ANSWER-Change the materials within the
archeological record itself
- EX: looting
Preservation Processes - ANSWER-Affect the survival of material remains in
archeological context
Natural Disturbance Processes - ANSWER-Change the materials within the
archeological record itself
Archeological Data - ANSWER-- Minimal:
, - Artifacts: are cultural, moveable objects
- Ecofacts: plant or animal remains
- Features: are non-portable object modified; in whole or in part; by human activity
- Composite:
- Burial: are features that contain human (or animal) remains. Sometimes associated
with artifacts
- Sites: are places where artifacts, ecofacts, or features have been found
Thomas Jefferson - ANSWER-○ brought American archeology into more of a profession
○ Conducted the first archeological expedition
○ Grave Creek Mound, West Virginia = in his backyard; decided to build a trench
across it; found that the mounds were actually burials from NA tribes
Paleontologists - ANSWER-○ study dinosaurs not archeologists
○ Is the study of past life, and uses its source info from fossil records
Archeology - ANSWER-○ is the study of the human past through the study of material
culture
○ Starts 2.6 million years ago when materials start to appear (archeological record)
○ Both history and science
§ History tends to focus on a particular part of the past
Science tends to focus on the regularities across a class of events
James Usher's " young earth" - ANSWER-leaves no room for change, Europeans
believed in this in the 16th and 17th century. This said creation took place on Saturday
evening October 23, 4004 before Christ
Uniformitarianism - ANSWER-§ Different perspective in the 16th-18th century
§ Laws of nature are constant (uniform) in time and space
§ This in geology leads to Old Earth Hypothesis
□ Rate of process x time = results ......big results x minor process = long time
Jacque Boucher de Perthes - ANSWER-While excavating cite, found bones of extinct
animals along with stone tools
History - ANSWER-○ is the study of the human past using written records (books,
maps, etc.)
○ Starts close to present, about 5.4 thousand years ago
○ Prehistory - period of human history "before" the advent of writing
○ History - period of human history "after" the advent of writing
Anthropology: 4 fields discipline - ANSWER-○ Franz Boas - father of American
anthropology
○ Studies people from a variety of POV's
○ 4 fields
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