PNCB Focused on Cardiac Exam Review Questions and Answers 2023/2024
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Module
PNCB
Institution
PNCB
PNCB Focused on Cardiac Exam Review Questions and Answers 2023/2024
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - correct answer an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth
Common in premature infants
MACHINE sound.
L...
PNCB Focused on Cardiac Exam Review
Questions and Answers 2023/2024
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - correct answer an abnormal
opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by
failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth
Common in premature infants
MACHINE sound.
LUSB
ECG: left ventricular hypertrophy
When does a PDA usually close? - correct answer 48 hours up to
2 weeks.
it can take longer to close but in normal situations it should be
closed at 2 weeks.
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) - correct answer
pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the aorta
from the right ventricle
Right to left shunting
less o2 is available because the aorta sends blood to the body
instead of to the lungs.
Same sound as a VSD (holosystolic thrill at LLSB)
ECG: RVH
Xray: Egg on a string
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) - correct answer set of four congenital
heart defects occurring together
,-large vsd
-pulmonary stenosis (causes click)
-overriding aorta
-rvh (right is bigger)
THRILL and CLICK at M-LUSB
XRAY: Boot shaped heart
Tet spells
what helps with it? why? - correct answer squatting increases
systemic vascular resistance, causing reversal of shunt and
increases PaO2
-hypercyanotic episode
Aortic Stenosis (AS) - correct answer narrowing of the aortic
valve, which may be acquired or congenital
CLICKS at RUSB (aortic)
ECG: LVH
Xray: usually normal/may have CHF
Pulmonic Stenosis (PS) - correct answer Narrowing at the
entrance to the pulmonary artery - Pulmonary Atresia is the
extreme form of PS - total fusion of the commissures & no blood
flows to the lungs.
LUSB CLICK that increases with expiration
ECG: RVH
, coarctation of the aorta - correct answer narrowing of the
descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of
blood to the lower part of the body
-Ejection murmur with radiation to the left interscapular area
Blood pressure is lower in lower extremities.
Rib notching
Common cardiac defect with Marfan syndrome - correct answer
Aortic regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse, and aneurysms
Hypertension diagnosis requirements - correct answer 95th
percentile with measurements obtained on at least 3 separate
occasions.
-usually caused by something else, such as organ dysfunction
Common signs and symptoms of hypertension in children -
correct answer HA
visual problems
dizziness
respiratory distress
irritability
nosebleeds
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