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Criminology Exam #1 (SOCIOL 3600, Mizzou) Questions with Correct Answers
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Criminology Exam #1 (SOCIOL 3600,Mizzou) Questions with Correct Answers
CHAPTER 1
What is Criminology? - Answer-The scientific study of the definition, forms, causes, and
societal reactions to criminal behavior.
What is Victimology? - Answer-The study of the victims of crime.
What is Criminal Justice? - Answer-The application of legal systems such as policing,
courts, and corrections.
What is Criminalisitics? - Answer-The scientific study of physical evidence.
What is the progression of knowledge, and its three stages? - Answer-Developed by
Comte, it is the steps taken in our ways of thinking.
1) Theological/Supernatural
2) Metaphysical (Philosophical)
3) Positive (Scientific)
Where did criminology emerge? - Answer-In late 1700s Europe, though it was largely
racist and based on "biology".
Who is the "Dean of Sociology"? - Answer-Edwin Sutherland (US)
What is deviant behavior? - Answer-Behavior outside of society's expectations.
What are Sumner's Three types of Norms? - Answer-1) Folkways--least serious norms,
and refer to traditions, customs, manners, etc. No sanctions.
2) Mores--more serious customs that involvement moral judgements *plus* sanctions.
3) Laws--legally codified rules of behavior.
What is the difference b/w crimes that are 'mala prohibita' and 'mala in se'? - Answer-
*Mala prohibita*--acts that are bad because they are prohibited by law.
*Mala in se*--acts that are bad in themselves, regardless of the law.
, What is the difference between under-criminalization and overcriminalization? - Answer-
*Under-criminalization* occurs when laws fail to prohibit acts that are mala in se.
*Overcriminalization* occurs when the law fails to prohibit acts that are mala prohibita.
What are Gemeinschaft societies? - Answer-Societies that have informal social control
of its subjects.
- Simple
- Commual
- Sacred traditions
- Lack of extensive division of labor.
- *Folkways and mores are sufficient regulators*
What are Gesellschaft societies? - Answer-Societies where formal control is necessary.
- Complex
- Individualistic
- Extensive division of labor
- Secular, variety of moral views.
What are the best means of social control? - Answer-Informal controls, like folkways
and mores.
What are the two types of functions a law can have? - Answer-Manifest functions--
intended.
Latent functions--unintended.
What does an increased use of the law reflect? - Answer-The weakening methods of
social control.
What was Emile Durkheim's view of crime? - Answer-It is normal, functional for a
healthy society, and necessary to create social solidarity.
What seven purposes does crime serve, according to Cohen? - Answer-1) Cuts through
"red tape", and can help us accomplish tasks quicker.
2) Deviance acts as a "safety valve" to release societal pressures.
3) Deviance clarifies the rules for others to follow.
4) Deviance unites groups against a common enemy, like in war.
5) Deviance gives society an opportunity to rehab the deviant.
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