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BSC 2085 Exam #3 FSU Yung Su (Lessons 12, 13, 14, 15-16) Questions and Answers 100% Pass £10.45
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BSC 2085 Exam #3 FSU Yung Su (Lessons 12, 13, 14, 15-16) Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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BSC 2085 Exam #3 FSU Yung Su (Lessons 12, 13, 14, 15-16) Questions and Answers 100% Pass The Nervous System - made of neurons and neuroglia cells; includes all neural tissue in the body Neurons - the basic functional units of the nervous system; cells that send and receive signals Neuroglia - c...

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  • November 30, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • bsc 2085 exam 3 fsu yung su lessons 12 13 14

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BSC 2085 Exam #3 FSU Yung Su (Lessons 12, 13,
14, 15-16) Questions and Answers 100% Pass


The Nervous System - ✔✔made of neurons and neuroglia cells; includes all neural tissue in the body


Neurons - ✔✔the basic functional units of the nervous system; cells that send and receive signals


Neuroglia - ✔✔cells that support and protect neurons


Central Nervous System - ✔✔brain and spinal cord; contains neural tissue, connective tissues, and blood

vessels; processes and coordinates sensory data from inside and outside the body, motor commands

control activities of peripheral organs, and higher functions of the brain: intelligence, memory, learning,

and emotion


Nerves - ✔✔axons of neurons


Peripheral Nervous System - ✔✔includes all neural tissue outside the CNS; delivers sensory info to the

CNS and carry motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems


Cranial Nerves - ✔✔connect to the brain


Spinal Nerves - ✔✔attach to spinal cord


Tract - ✔✔a bundle of axons in the CNS


Nerve - ✔✔a bundle of axons in the PNS


Afferent Division - ✔✔approaches CNS; carries sensory info; from PNS sensory receptors to CNS


Efferent Division - ✔✔exits CNS; carries motor commands; from CNS to PNS muscles and glands


Receptors - ✔✔detect changes or respond to stimuli; can be found on neurons and specialized cells


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,Effectors - ✔✔respond to efferent signals coming from CNS (cells and organs)


Somatic Nerous System - ✔✔controls voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) skeletal muscle contractions


Autonomic Nervous System - ✔✔controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth muscle and

cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions; sympathetic division and parasympathetic division


Sympathetic Division - ✔✔stimulating effect (fight or flight response)


Parasympathetic Division - ✔✔relaxing response


Cell Body - ✔✔soma


Dendrites - ✔✔used to receive information


Axon - ✔✔sends info (electrical signals) away from the soma towards a target cell


Perikaryon - ✔✔cytoplasm


Mitochondria - ✔✔produce energy


Neurotransmitters - ✔✔chemical messengers used in signaling other cells


Neurofibrils - ✔✔bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and axons


Dendrites - ✔✔highly branched, each branch contains studded processes called dendritic spines


Chemical Gradient - ✔✔concentration gradient (Na+, K+)


Electrical Gradient - ✔✔Separate charges of positive and negative ions


Result in potential difference


Electrical Current - ✔✔movement of charges to eliminate potential difference of charges


Resistance - ✔✔the amount of current a membrane restricts



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, The Electrochemical Gradient - ✔✔For a particular ion (Na+, K+) is the sum of chemical and electrical

forces acting on the ion across a plasma membrane; A form of potential energy


Passive/ Leak Channels - ✔✔always open, permeability changes with conditions


Active Channels (Gated Channels) - ✔✔Open and close in response to stimuli; At resting potential, most

gated channels are closed


Chemically Gated Channels - ✔✔Open in presence of specific chemicals at a binding site


Found on neuron cell body and dendrites


Voltage-Gated Channels - ✔✔respond to a direct change in the membrane potential; have activation gates

and inactivation gates


Mechanically Gated Channels - ✔✔Respond to membrane distortion


Found in sensory receptors (touch, pressure, vibration)


Graded Potentials (local potentials) - ✔✔changes in the membrane potential that cannot spread far from

the site of stimulation; includes any stimulus that opens a gated channel and produces a graded potential


Depolarization - ✔✔A shift in the membrane potential, making it less negative (toward 0 mV); produces

local current


Repolarization - ✔✔When the stimulus is removed, membrane potential returns to normal


Hyperpolarization - ✔✔•Increasing the negativity of the resting potential


•Result of opening a potassium channel


•Opposite effect of opening a sodium channel


•Net movement of positive ions out, not into cell




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