Anatomy and Physiology 11th edition
Exam 1
a cut through the body that passes perpendicular to the long axis of the body and divides the
body into a superior and inferior section is known as a - ANS - transverse section
\glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are - ANS - sebaceous glands
\action potentials are conducted into the skeletal muscle fiber by - ANS - transverse tubules
\the plate of bones found in spongy bone are called - ANS - trabeculae
\how would blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase affect skeletal muscle? - ANS - it would
cause spastic paralysis( muscles are contracted and unable to relax
\interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for - ANS -
muscle contraction
\the layer of the epidermis that contains cells undergoing division is the - ANS - stratum
germinativum
\the pigments melanin - ANS - is produced by cells called melanocytes
\the watery medium the surrounds our cells is known as - ANS - interstitial fluid
\in the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. this
combination of factors would most affect - ANS - the ability to thermoregulate
\when stress is applied to a bone - ANS - the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical
field that activates osteoblasts
\an immovable joint is a - ANS - synarthrosis
\the layer of the skin that provides protection against bacteria as well as chemical and
mechanical injuries is the - ANS - epidermis
\the molecule ATP - ANS - is formed from ADP and phosphate, contains high energy covalent
bonds, is the most important high energy compound in human cells, provides energy for cellular
reactions when the bond attaching the last phosphate to the molecule is broken
\cross-bridges are located on - ANS - myosin molecules
\during muscle contraction - ANS - ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate, actin and myosin
filaments slide together, the sarcomere becomes shorter, calcium concentration in the
sarcomere increases
\during the recovery period after muscular exercise the body's need for oxygen is increased
because - ANS - oxygen is required to metabolize the lactic acid produced during exercise
\the following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body - ANS -
molecule,cell,tissue,organ,organ system, organism
\osteolysis is the process of - ANS - bone matrix is dissolved and minerals are released into the
blood
\serous membranes is - ANS - secrete lubricating fluid and are found lining cavities and
covering organs without openings to the outside of the body
, \most of the chemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism are regulated by - ANS -
enzymes
\intramembranous ossification occurs - ANS - in the skull of the fetus
\each of the following is a primary tissue type except one.identify the exception - ANS - adipose
tissue
\depolarization of the sarcolemma at the myoneural junction occurs when - ANS - acetylcholine
binds to receptors on the sacrolemma
\parathyroid hormone - ANS - stimulates osteoclast activity, increases the rate of calcium
absorption from the intestine, decreases the rate of calcium excretion by the kidneys, raises the
level of calcium ion in the blood
\water molecules and small ions enter a cell through - ANS - channels (pores) in some integral
proteins
\the central canal of an osteon contains - ANS - blood vessels
\a muscle that is stimulated so frequently that the relaxation phase is completely eliminated is
said to exhibit - ANS - complete tetany
\which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal ? - ANS - blood flow to
the skin increases
\vitamin D is necessary for - ANS - absorption of calcium and phosphate ions
\body membranes - ANS - cover body cavities,line body cavities,form protective sheets around
and inside hallow or tubular organs,classified according to tissue types
\epithelial membranes - ANS - cutaneous membranes,dry membranes,outermost protective
boundary,superficial layer(epidermis)is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
underlying layer (dermis)is mostly dense irregular connective tissue
\serous membranes - ANS - perineum,pleura,pericardium
\connective tissue membrane - ANS - synovial membrane,connective tissue only,lines fibrous
capsules surrounding joints, secretes a lubricating fluid
\integumentary system - ANS - skin,skin derivatives or accessory structures
\skin function - ANS - protects deeper tissues from mechanical damage, chemical damage,
bacterial damage, ultraviolet radiation, thermal damage, drying out
\skin functions - ANS - aids in body heat loss or heat retention controlled by the nervous
system,synthesis vitamins D which aids intestinal cells absorb calcium ions
\epidermis - ANS - outerlayer,stratified squamous epithelium, cornified or keratinized hardened
by keratin to prevent water loss
\stratum lucidum - ANS - formed from dead cells of the deeper strata occurs only in
thick,hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet
\stratum corneum - ANS - outermost layer of epidermis,shingle like dead cells are
\papillary layer - ANS - upper dermal region,projections called dermal papillae,some contain
capillary loops,others house pain receptors and touch receptors
\reticular layer - ANS - deepest dermal layer,blood vessels,sweat and oil glands,deep pressure
receptors
\collagen fibers - ANS - give skin its toughness
\elastic fibers - ANS - give skin elasticity
\hemoglobin - ANS - red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries ,oxygen content
determines the extent of red coloring
