Edexcel GCSE History Weimar & Nazi
Germany
The treaty of Versailles - terms and effects - ANS- T- territory (lost 11 African colonies, 13% of
Europe territory, 50% of iron and 15% of coal)
R- reparations (£6.6 billion)
A- army (Rhineland demilitarised, 100,000 army, 6 battleships, 6 crisis, 12 destroyers, 12
torpedoes, no air force)
W- war guilt (had to take responsibility)
L- League to Nations (Not allowed in LoN)
Why Germans resented the treaty - ANS- - Had to pay a lot of money
- Lost trade and international reputation
- Vulnerable to attacks
- Lost land to France who they beat
- Unfair saying they started the war
- No money/resources
- Trade routes ruined
- Left out of LoN
How new constitution was agreed - 11 August 1919 - ANS- There were many disagreements
when the Weimar Constitution was written
They had to have a democracy - part of the ToV
The Republic's first President was Friedrich Ebert
Terms of Weimar Constitution (i.e the structure of it) - ANS- - People over that age of 21 could
vote (including women)
- Politicians in the Reichstag sat for four years
- Reichsrat represented regional governments (limited to examining regional issues)
- President was elected elected every seven years
- Article 48 (could suspend constitution in times of emergency)
Weaknesses of Weimar Constitution - ANS- - Proportional representation - the amount of votes
they get equals the amount of seats. Allows small parties in = coalition govt more likely
- Article 48 - president can pass any laws in a state of emergency (decrees)
, Why was the new Weimar government bankrupt - ANS- - Gold reserves spent during war
- £6.6 b
- Depleted workforce
- Less professionals
- Inflation
What happened during the French Occupation of the Ruhr 1923 - ANS- - France wanted
Germany to pay reparations but they couldn't because they were so expensive.
- French and Belgian troops invaded the Ruhr and took over the factories and coal mines
- Germany's army was limited and so they could not retaliate
- German workers refused to work (passive resistance) and this lifted morale for the general
public.
- By not working it ruined the economy because they were getting no produce but still paying the
workers.
What the effects of Hyperinflation - ANS- - By October 1923 currency was worthless
- People were paid daily
- Restaurants didn't print prices on menus as they changed so quickly
- Cheaper to burn banknotes than buy coal.
Who Inflation and hyperinflation affected - ANS- Old people - Saved money was worth nothing
Lower Class - Not affected / closer to middle class
Middle Class - Savings worth noting / change in class
Upper Class - Richest still had land and that were expensive / saving worth nothing
What were the political groups in Weimar Republic - ANS- The Social Democratic Party had a
lot of support because it was a mix between the left and right
KDP - Communist party
DAP - Germany workers' party (early Nazi party)
Talk about the events of the Spartacists Revolution - ANS- - 6th January 1919
- Tried to bring in communism and overthrow the government
- Rosa Luxemburg / Karl Liebknecht / 100,000 communists
- Charged Berlin and took key buildings
- 4000 Freikorp were sent to sort out communists (which made Weimar govt look weak)
- Rebels murdered / leaders killed / government back to 'normal'
Talk about the events of The Kapp Putsch (right wing) - ANS- - Take over government / Abolish
ToV / Take land back from ToV
- Dr. Wolfgang Kapp / Freikorps (armed and trained fighters)
- 5000 marched on Berlin / government fled
- Government told workers to stop, Berlin went bust, new government fell through and Kapp fled
to Sweden
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