Exam (elaborations)
Ap Human Geography Unit 4 Vocabulary Questions and Answers 2025
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Ap Human Geography Unit 4 Vocabulary
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Ap Human Geography Unit 4 VocabularyAnnexation - answer Legally adding land area to a city in the United States, or legally
adding land area to a country in the world.
Ex. Poland with Germany and Russia or Chicago with urban sprawl.
Antarctica - answer It is the largest land mass in the world not part of a sovereign state.
Territorial claims are suspended on Antarctica.
Apartheid - answer Laws previously in South Africa that separated different races into
different geographic areas.
Ex. The US-Mexican border is a desert with people speaking Spanish and English on
both sides.
Balkanization - answer A small geographic area that could not be organized in to a
larger state due to conflicting ethnicities.
Ex. Yugoslavia in to several new nations.
Definitional Boundary Disputes - answer focus on the legal language of the treaty for the
boundary.
Ex. Native American treaties
Locational Boundary Disputes - answeris when the definition is not in dispute but the
interpretation is.
Ex. Saudi Arabia and Yemen/Oman/UAE
Operational Boundary Disputes - answeris a dispute of how a boarder should function.
Ex. Iraq and Iran with the Persian Gulf
Allocational Boundary Disputes - answeroccurs over a resource on a boundary between
two countries.
Ex. Iraq and Kuwait 1991
Antecedent Boundary Origin - answeris how the boundary evolves over time.
Ex. Western Europe and Eastern Europe
Subsequent Boundary Origin - answera boundary that was created before today's
cultural landscape.
Ex. the US/Mexican border
Superimposed Boundary Origin - answerare created through long term processes.
Ex. Africa
, Relic Boundary Origin - answerforced on inhabitants to solve a problem or conflict.
Ex. Pakistan/India
Natural/Physical Boundary Type - answera physical environment is used as a boundary.
Ex. The four corners of Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico
Ethnocentric/cultural Boundary Type - answeris used when cultural difference divides a
region and is used as a reference to create a boundary.
Ex. France and Spain with the Pyrenees Mts.
Geometric Boundary Type - answera boundary drawn by a grid system.
Ex. Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Boundary Process (definition) - answerthrough a treaty, or legal like document, sets
longitude and latitude.
Ex. Germany after world war one with the treaty of Paris
Boundary Process (delimitation) - answerdrawing the boundary on a map.
Ex. Europeans dividing up Africa for themselves
Boundary Process (demarcation) - answerthe boundary using steel posts.
Ex. the US/Mexican border at points with a fence.
Buffer State - answera state created between two warring or hostile regions to ease
tensions between the two bordering regions.
Ex. Poland after World War II
Capital - answersomething that is owed, which provides ongoing services. In the
national account, or to firms, its made up of durable investment goods, normally
summed in units of money. Basic: land + physical structures + equipment. the idea is
used in models and in the national accounts.
Ex. Man labor
Centrifugal - answerMoving or directed away from a center or axis.
Ex. A country that imposes higher taxes.
Centripetal - answerAn attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support from a
state.
Ex. People that tend to speak the same language will more likely live in the same area.
City-State - answerA sovereign state compromising a city and immediate hinterland.
Ex. Sparta, Athens, and Corinth in Greece.
Colonialism - answerAttempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its
political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
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