Thermodynamics notes

The document provides detailed notes on the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that entropy in an isolated system always increases over time. It explains that energy spontaneously spreads from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration, making processes irreversible. Key concepts include entropy, the direction of natural processes, and the inefficiency of energy conversions. Practical examples and applications in engines and refrigerators illustrate the law's significance in...

The document provides detailed notes on the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that entropy in an isolated system always increases over time. It explains that energy spontaneously spreads from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration, making processes irreversible. Key concepts include entropy, the direction of natural processes, and the inefficiency of energy conversions. Practical examples and applications in engines and refrigerators illustrate the law's significance in...