Bundle for AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY tests compilation | everything you need

Structure of Nucleus. - 1. Nuclear envelope: double membrane surrounding nucleus, outer membrane continuous with the (R)ER of the cell. 2. Nuclear pores: allow the passage of larger molecules, such as mRNA, out of the nucleus. 3. Nucleoplasm: granular, jelly-like material making up the bulk of th...

Amino Acid - A monomer that will join with other amino acids to form a protein Dipeptide - Two amino acids bonded together via a peptide bond Polypeptide - Many amino acids bonded together via peptide bonds Protein - A combination of polypeptides Amine Group - -NH2, a basic group where the amino...

How do biological molecules provide evidence for evolution? - They all have similar molecules and use the same amino acids and DNA. What are monomers of carbohydrates called? - Monosaccharides. Beta Glucose - Alpha glucose - Glucose formula - C₆H₁₂O₆ Name of the bond between monosacc...

What are monomers? - Monomers are *small units* which are the components of larger molecules. What are polymers? - Polymers are molecules made from *many monomers* joined together. What are examples of monomers? - *Monosaccharides, amino acids* and *nucleotides* What are examples of polymers? - *...

Monomers - Small basic molecular units Examples of monomers - monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides Polymers - Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together Examples of polymers - Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids What type of sugar is glucose? - Hexo...

large molecules often contain carbon. why? - they can readily form bonds with other carbon atoms. this forms a 'backbone'. other atoms can then attach. describe benedicts test for reducing sugars - add equal volumes of the sugar sample and benedicts reagent. heat the mixture in a water bath fo...

what is RNA? - ribonucleic acid MRNA and TRNA single stranded shorter AU CG what are biological molecules? - molecules made and used by living organisms eg. lipids, carbs, DNA, AT, water, inorganic ions what are the functions of carbohydrates? - -energy source (respiration) -energy store (st...

Describe how you would use a biochemical test to show that a solution contained a non-reducing sugar, such as sucrose. [3] - ,first reducing sugars test; boil with dilute HCl acid then Neutralise with NaHCǑ, add benedict and heat to 95 degrees C brick red ppt forms if reducing sugar is present D...

What are the three ways a pathogen can damage hosts cells? - 1) rupturing them to release nutrients inside them 2) breaking down nutrients inside the cell for their own use. This starves and eventually kills the cell. 3) replicating inside the cells and bursting them when they're released What ...

the krebs cycle takes place in the _______ of the ___________ - matrix mitochondria epistasis - arises when the allele of one gene affects or masks the expression of another in the phenotype autosome - a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome biodiversity - the range and variety of genes, speci...