Energetics of Life Exam Bundle Graded A+

metabolism - ANSWER-the totality of an organism's chemical reactions that manages the material and energy resources of the cell catabolic pathway - ANSWER-leads to the release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds (ex: digestive enzymes break down food and release ...

What is an example of an end orgonic and exergonic reactions? - ANSWER-End orgonic-photosynthesis Exergonic-cellular respiration What similarities do the metabolic pathways of all currently recognized domains of life share? - ANSWER-Metabolism is the totality of an organism's chemical reactions...

metabolism - ANSWER-totality of an organism's chemical reactions; as a whole manages the material and energy resources of the cell catabolic pathway - ANSWER-leads to the release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds anabolic pathways - ANSWER-consume energy to ...

bioenergetics - ANSWER-the study of how energy from the sun is transformed into energy in living things enzymes - ANSWER-proteins that help speed up reactions but lower the energy necessary to start a reaction organic catalysts - ANSWER-enzymes are organic catalysts because they speed up the r...

What kind of reaction is it when the reactants are greater than the products? - ANSWER-Exergonic Enzymes are organic catalysts, how do they increase the rate of chemical reactions? - ANSWER-By lowering the activation energy of the reaction Describes a process by which an enzymes function at th...

Entropy - ANSWER-Greek: en = in, trope = turning unusable energy low order--- high entropy high order---- low entropy A measure of disorder or randomness. Entropy will never decrease; it will always increase. The second law of thermodynamics is the law of entropy: -- In the transforma...

Heterotrophs and autotrophs - ANSWER-Heterotrophs: Get their energy from consuming other organisms Autotrophs: "self energy" , make their own energy and get some energy from sun (plants) Describe the different types of "forms" that energy can take. - ANSWER-Potential energy Kinetic Energy ...

energy - ANSWER-is the capacity to do work. There are two fundamental types: potential and kinetic. Muscular work is powered by chemical energy. work - ANSWER-is the transfer of energy to an object, causing the object to move. chemical energy - ANSWER-muscular power is powered by this, which i...

System - ANSWER-defined in terms of composition, temperature, pressure, and volume Closed systems - ANSWER-can exchange energy (e.g. heat or work) but not matter with surroundings Open systems - ANSWER-can exchange matter and energy with surroundings Isolated systems - ANSWER-can exchange n...

Understand the concepts of enthalpy (H), entropy (S), free energy (G), and free energy change (ΔG). - ANSWER-Δ-G = favorable/spontaneous (exergonic) Δ+G = not favorable/non-spontaneous (endergonic) ΔG does NOT say anything about rate What is meant by favorability/spontaneity in relation...

Free Energy Change - ANSWER-Delta G Maximum amount of energy available to do useful work -G is the release of energy (exergonic and spontaneous/favorable) +G is the absorption of energy (endergonic and non-spontaneous/unfavorable) The magnitude of G tells us how far a reaction is from eq...

Chemical - ANSWER-The potential energy stored in covalent bonds is also called _____ energy kinetic - ANSWER-The energy being used to do work is called _____ energy and is the energy of motion hypotonic - ANSWER-If more water is entering a human red blood cell than exiting it, then the cell is...

Energy - ANSWER-Is the ability to do work and to move matter Potential energy - ANSWER-Is energy stored in bonds. Ex: Energy bar Kinetic energy - ANSWER-Is energy in movement. Ex: light, sound, muscle contraction First law of thermodynamics - ANSWER-The law that states "energy is never cre...

thermodynamics - ANSWER-Branch of chemistry concerned with energy changes. energy - ANSWER-Capacity to do work. kinetic energy - ANSWER-Energy of motion. potential energy - ANSWER-Stored energy. heat - ANSWER-The most convenient way of measuring energy. 1 calorie - ANSWER-Heat require...

Substrate - ANSWER-The molecule or compound that an enzyme binds to in a reaction. Guard Cell - ANSWER-Specialized cells that control the opening and closing of the pores (stomata) on the surface of a leaf. Organic compounds - ANSWER-Molecules necessary for life that contain both hydrogen and ...

Substrate - ANSWER-The molecule or compound that an enzyme binds to in a reaction guard cell - ANSWER-Specialized cells that control the opening and closing of the pores on the surface of the leaf organic compound - ANSWER-Molecules necessary for life that contain both hydrogen and carbon atom...

Energy - ANSWER-The ability to do work. Potential Energy: - ANSWER-The energy with the potential to do work. Stored energy. Kinetic Energy: - ANSWER-The energy of motion. Thermodynamics ("Heat Changes") - ANSWER-The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter (suc...

What is bioenergetics? - ANSWER-the quantitative analysis of how organisms capture, transform, store, and utilize energy. Part of thermodynamics. What is thermodynamics? - ANSWER-science of energy transformations What is a system? - ANSWER-Any part of the universe that we choose for study W...

Define "Systems" - ANSWER-any part of the universe that we choose to study and everything else is the surroundings Systems are defined in terms of (4 things) - ANSWER-1. composition 2. temperature 3. pressure 4. volume What are the 3 types of systems - ANSWER-1. closed 2. open 3. ...

Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system. - ANSWER-A.*** DISORDER b. work c. energy d. heat e. order Kinetic energy is ____________, while potential energy is _____________. - ANSWER-a. stored energy; energy that is being used B.**** energy that is being used; stored energy c. stored ...

potential energy - ANSWER-stored energy kinetic energy - ANSWER-energy being used exergonic reaction - ANSWER-hydrolysis, oxidation, chart going down endergonic reaction - ANSWER-reactants hold 50 kilocalories, but the resulting product holds 65 kilocalories, dehydration synthesis joins tog...

Kreb's Cycle - ANSWER-in all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy Aerobic - ANSWER-process that requires oxygen Anaerobic - ANSWE...

What is the purpose of ATP? - ANSWER-store energy Where does ATP store energy? - ANSWER-the last phosphate bond Describe the ATP-ADP cycle. Include what is and is not recycled. - ANSWER-1. The last phosphate bond is broken to release chemical energy (which powers the cell) turning the ATP into...

What is the cell theory? - ANSWER-All organisms are made of cells. All cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the most basic unit of life. Who were the people instrumental in discovering the cell theory? - ANSWER-Robert Hooke- Anton Van Loeuwenhock Mathias Schleiden Theodor Schwann- ...

Describe what free energy is. - ANSWER-The portion of a biological system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system. The change in free energy of a system is calculated by the equation ΔG=ΔH-TΔS, where H is enthalpy (in biological systems, e...

Outputs of photosynthesis - ANSWER-Glucose and oxygen The organelles that carry on photosynthesis in a plant - ANSWER-Chloroplasts Capabilities of pigments - ANSWER-Absorbing and reflecting light Stages of the Calvin Cycle from beginning to end - ANSWER-Fixation of carbon dioxide, reduction...

Energy; consists of 2states - ANSWER-the ability to do work; Kinetic energy/ Potential energy Kinetic Energy - ANSWER-energy of motion Potential energy - ANSWER-stored energy that can be used for motion All work carried out by living organisms involves - ANSWER-TRANSFORMATION of potential t...

Photosynthesis - ANSWER-_transforms solar energy into chemical energy of carbohydrates -Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria -Producers-feed themselves and all of the consumers (most other living organisms on Earth) Photosynthetic organisms - ANSWER--Kelp -Diatoms -Euglena -Cyanobacteria -Garde...

Energy - ANSWER-the ability to do work Kinetic Energy - ANSWER-the energy of motion Potential Energy - ANSWER-stored energy Thermodynamics - ANSWER-the study of energy of heat changes 1st Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER-The total amount of energy in the universe remains constant Energy...

What does mechanical works involves? - ANSWER-A change in position of the cell or a cell structure. What is an example of mechanical work? - ANSWER-Muscle contraction Animals that regulate their body temperature independently of the environment are_______ - ANSWER-Homeotherms. What 2 ways i...

Potential energy - ANSWER-stored energy available to do work Kinetic energy - ANSWER-energy being used to do work First law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER-law of energy conservation; energy cannot be created or destroyed; energy is converted/transformed from each other 2nd law of Thermodynamics...

autotroph - ANSWER-organism that makes its own food cellular respiration - ANSWER-process in which cells break down glucose and make ATP for energy consumer - ANSWER-organism that consumes other organisms for food energy - ANSWER-ability to do work food - ANSWER-organic molecules such as...