Complete Chemistry A Revision Bundle

Brønsted-Lowry acid - Ans .proton donor Brønsted-Lowry base - Ans .proton acceptor Acid-base equilibria - Ans .is the transfer of protons pH - Ans .-log10[H+] [H+] - Ans .10^-pH strong acid - Ans .HCl --> H+ + Clfully dissociates in water strong base - Ans .A base that dissociates comple...

Ionisation energy trend in Group 2 - Ans .As you go down the group first ionisation energy decreases because: - Although nuclear charge is increasing - The electrons have an extra quantum shell of shielding making them easier to remove - They exist in a higher energy orbital (and/ or a further ...

Core practical 1 - measuring the molar volume of gas METHOD [7] METHOD: 1. known volume of ethanoic acid in boiling tube 2. place 0.05g of calcium carbonate in test tube 3. weigh contents 4. tip contents into ethnic acid and seal with bung 5. measure volume of gas produced, collected in a mea...

Organic compound Any molecule that contains carbon Hydrocarbons Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen Saturated hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon that has no double bonds Unsaturated hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon that has double bonds Display Formula Shows all of the atoms in the molecule and...

Mass spectrometry using lasers to ionise atoms into cations, then measure the abundance and mass using their mass-tocharge ratios Mass to charge ratio the mass of an ion divided by its charge (usually +1 in mass spectrometry) units: m/z relative atomic mass the average mass of an atom of an e...

▪ Alkene to Haloalkane - Ans .Hydrogen Halide ▪ Alkene to Primary Alcohol - Ans .Hydration reaction with H3PO4/H2O(steam) ▪ Alkene to Alkane - Ans .H2 with Ni catalyst ▪ Alkane to Haloalkane - Ans .Halogen with UV radiation ▪ Haloalkane to Nitrile - Ans .NaCN (or KCN), reflux, ethanol ...

1. Which 2 transition metals do not have a fully filled 4s orbital? - Ans .Chromium and copper 2. What advantage does a fully or half filled shell give a transition metal and why? - Ans .Makes more stable 3. What is the definition of a transition element? - Ans .D-block element which form at lea...

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ - Ans .Pale blue Solution [Fe(H2O)6]2+ - Ans .Pale green solution [Fe(H2O)6]3+ - Ans .Yellow Solution [Mn(H2O)6]2+ - Ans .Pale Pink Solution [Cr(H2O)6]3+ - Ans .Pale Purple Solution Cu(OH)2 - Ans .Pale Blue PPT Fe(OH)2 - Ans .Green PPT which darkens on standing Fe(OH)3 - ...

1. Acid - Ans .A species that is a proton donor. 2. Activation energy - Ans .The minimum amount of kinetic energy that particles need to have in order to react when they collide 3. Addition polymer - Ans .A very long molecular chain formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alk...

What are biodegradable plastics? - Ans .-Broken down by enzymes What are photodegradable plastics? - Ans .-Broken down by U.V. Light What is the general formula of alkanes? - Ans .CnH2n+2 Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated and why? - Ans .-Saturated -Each carbon atom forms four strong covalent...

▪ ISOTOPES - Ans .ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT WITH DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF NEUTRONS ▪ ATOMIC (PROTON) NUMBER - Ans .NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS ▪ MASS (NUCLEON) NUMBER - Ans .NUMBER OF PARTICLES (PROTONS & NEUTRONS) IN THE NUCLEUS ▪ ION - Ans .A POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY CHARGED ATOM OR ...

1. what is water of crystallisation? - Ans .water molecules that make up part of the crystal structure of a solid 2. define relative isotopic mass - Ans .the ass of an atom of an isotope of an element relative to one twelfth the mass of an atom of C-12 3. why is relative atomic mass written as...