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Pathophysiology Bundled Exam Questions Package with Correct Answers
Pathophysiology Bundled Exam Questions Package with Correct Answers
[Show more]Pathophysiology Bundled Exam Questions Package with Correct Answers
[Show more]type 1 diabetes - Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is 
characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. polyuria, 
polydipsia, polyphagia. 
type 2 diabetes - Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and ...
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Add to carttype 1 diabetes - Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is 
characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. polyuria, 
polydipsia, polyphagia. 
type 2 diabetes - Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and ...
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a region) - 
Gastritis 
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage - 
Acute Gastritis 
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea an...
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Add to cartInflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a region) - 
Gastritis 
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage - 
Acute Gastritis 
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea an...
endometrial cycle - The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to the events in the uterus. 
The endometrial cycle has four subphases: menstruation, the proliferative phase, and the secretory 
phase, and the ischemic phase . 
proliferative phase - The second phase of the uterine (endometrial...
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Add to cartendometrial cycle - The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to the events in the uterus. 
The endometrial cycle has four subphases: menstruation, the proliferative phase, and the secretory 
phase, and the ischemic phase . 
proliferative phase - The second phase of the uterine (endometrial...
Specific immune cells - Are cells own specific memory cells for certain pathogen so they 
can respond to infection directly 
-T cells (T3, T4, TC, & TH) 
-B cells (antibodies): IgA, IgE, IgM, IgG 
Non-specific immune cells - neutrophils 
basophils/mast cell 
esinophils 
monocytes 
macrophages 
5 ca...
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Add to cartSpecific immune cells - Are cells own specific memory cells for certain pathogen so they 
can respond to infection directly 
-T cells (T3, T4, TC, & TH) 
-B cells (antibodies): IgA, IgE, IgM, IgG 
Non-specific immune cells - neutrophils 
basophils/mast cell 
esinophils 
monocytes 
macrophages 
5 ca...
Pathophysiology - the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body 
Pathophysiology: Includes for interrelated topics: - etiology, pathogenesis, clinical 
manifestation, and treatment implications 
etiology - the study of the causes of diseases 
idiopathic - unknown cause 
Latroge...
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Add to cartPathophysiology - the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body 
Pathophysiology: Includes for interrelated topics: - etiology, pathogenesis, clinical 
manifestation, and treatment implications 
etiology - the study of the causes of diseases 
idiopathic - unknown cause 
Latroge...
Under normal conditions, the _________________ response deters or prevents disease. - 
immune 
___________________________ an be defined as an abnormality in the immune system that 
renders a person susceptible to diseases normally prevented by an intact immune system. - 
Immunodeficiency 
The ____...
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Add to cartUnder normal conditions, the _________________ response deters or prevents disease. - 
immune 
___________________________ an be defined as an abnormality in the immune system that 
renders a person susceptible to diseases normally prevented by an intact immune system. - 
Immunodeficiency 
The ____...
A common cause of heart failure is which of the following? (Select all that apply. - - 
Coronary artery disease 
-Cardiomyopathy 
-Hypertension 
When the cause of a disease is due to unintended or unwanted medical treatment, the term to 
describe this is - latrogenic 
COPD type A is referred to as:...
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Add to cartA common cause of heart failure is which of the following? (Select all that apply. - - 
Coronary artery disease 
-Cardiomyopathy 
-Hypertension 
When the cause of a disease is due to unintended or unwanted medical treatment, the term to 
describe this is - latrogenic 
COPD type A is referred to as:...
IN general, with aging, organ size and function? - Decreases 
Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system 
and are mediated by? - norepinephrine 
Side effects of chemotherapy include (select all that apply) - anemia 
nausea 
bleeding 
infections 
T...
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Add to cartIN general, with aging, organ size and function? - Decreases 
Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system 
and are mediated by? - norepinephrine 
Side effects of chemotherapy include (select all that apply) - anemia 
nausea 
bleeding 
infections 
T...
Hemophilia B is also known as ________ disease - Christmas 
The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene 
called - bcr-abl 
Anemia related to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency is chracterized by what laboratory 
features? (Select all that apply.) - RBC co...
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Add to cartHemophilia B is also known as ________ disease - Christmas 
The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene 
called - bcr-abl 
Anemia related to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency is chracterized by what laboratory 
features? (Select all that apply.) - RBC co...
Systolic - Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles. 
Diastolic - occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the walls of 
an artery 
Systolic BP - peak pressure during cardiac systole 
- Reflects amount of blood (Stroke Vol.) 
-ejected w/ each be...
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Add to cartSystolic - Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles. 
Diastolic - occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the walls of 
an artery 
Systolic BP - peak pressure during cardiac systole 
- Reflects amount of blood (Stroke Vol.) 
-ejected w/ each be...
Which adaptive change is the most dangerous? - dyplasia 
Examples of hyperplasia - development of callus on laborer's hands 
enlargement of the prostate gland with age 
Failure of cells to develop specialized features - anaplasia 
What will happen in response to prolonged hypoxia? - atrophy 
When d...
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Add to cartWhich adaptive change is the most dangerous? - dyplasia 
Examples of hyperplasia - development of callus on laborer's hands 
enlargement of the prostate gland with age 
Failure of cells to develop specialized features - anaplasia 
What will happen in response to prolonged hypoxia? - atrophy 
When d...
myopia - nearsightedness 
hyperopia - farsightedness 
presbyopia - impaired vision as a result of aging 
astigmatism - a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven 
curvatures of the cornea 
strabismus - crossed eyes 
nystagmus - involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes ...
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Add to cartmyopia - nearsightedness 
hyperopia - farsightedness 
presbyopia - impaired vision as a result of aging 
astigmatism - a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven 
curvatures of the cornea 
strabismus - crossed eyes 
nystagmus - involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes ...
Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through: 
A) perspiration only. 
B) feces only. 
C) perspiration and expiration. 
D) urine and feces. - C 
When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the: 
A) blood into the cells. 
B) interstitial compartment in...
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Add to cartInsensible fluid loss refers to water lost through: 
A) perspiration only. 
B) feces only. 
C) perspiration and expiration. 
D) urine and feces. - C 
When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the: 
A) blood into the cells. 
B) interstitial compartment in...
Because humans walk upright, the term dorsal can be used in place of the term - posterior 
Prone position is used for - lying face down 
The supine position - lying on the back facing up 
A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n) - tissue 
When using directional terms t...
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Add to cartBecause humans walk upright, the term dorsal can be used in place of the term - posterior 
Prone position is used for - lying face down 
The supine position - lying on the back facing up 
A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n) - tissue 
When using directional terms t...
Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness 
 
 
Multiple Choice 
 
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 
 
____	1.	Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct? 
 
	The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium...
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Add to cartChapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness 
 
 
Multiple Choice 
 
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 
 
____	1.	Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct? 
 
	The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium...
ANS: B 
A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed 
latent stage. 
predisposing factor. 
incidence. 
precipitating factor. 
ANS: D 
The term homeostasis refers to 
the causative factors in a particular disease. 
maintenance of a stable internal environm...
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Add to cartANS: B 
A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed 
latent stage. 
predisposing factor. 
incidence. 
precipitating factor. 
ANS: D 
The term homeostasis refers to 
the causative factors in a particular disease. 
maintenance of a stable internal environm...
MULTIPLE CHOICE 
A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled 
DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student? 
A single circular chromosome 
A nucleus 
Free-floating nuclear material 
No organelles 
ANS: B 
The cell describ...
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Add to cartMULTIPLE CHOICE 
A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled 
DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student? 
A single circular chromosome 
A nucleus 
Free-floating nuclear material 
No organelles 
ANS: B 
The cell describ...
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Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove 
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is 
a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. 
Ribosomes are RNA-...
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Add to cartPeroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove 
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is 
a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. 
Ribosomes are RNA-...
Define Pathophysiology The study of the changes of normal mechanical, physical, and 
biochemical functions, either caused by disease or resulting from an abnormal syndrome. 
What does the study of pathophysiology include? Contains etiology, which is the 
reason for the phenomena, pathogenesis, whi...
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Add to cartDefine Pathophysiology The study of the changes of normal mechanical, physical, and 
biochemical functions, either caused by disease or resulting from an abnormal syndrome. 
What does the study of pathophysiology include? Contains etiology, which is the 
reason for the phenomena, pathogenesis, whi...
Clinical manifestations that may result from diarrhea (Please use critical thinking to 
determine what is happening to fluid volume with diarrhea) (Select all that apply) mod 
1Frequent loose, watery stools. Abdominal cramps. Abdominal pain. Fever. Bleeding. 
Lightheadedness or dizziness from dehy...
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Add to cartClinical manifestations that may result from diarrhea (Please use critical thinking to 
determine what is happening to fluid volume with diarrhea) (Select all that apply) mod 
1Frequent loose, watery stools. Abdominal cramps. Abdominal pain. Fever. Bleeding. 
Lightheadedness or dizziness from dehy...
lower part of the neckThyroid Gland Location - Butterfly shaped gland in the _____ 
CalcitoninSecreted by parafollicular C cells. Involved in calcium homeostasis 
Thyroid hormone- Secreted by thyroid follicular cell. 
- Regulates body metabolism and neurologic development 
follicles (thyroid cells),...
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Add to cartlower part of the neckThyroid Gland Location - Butterfly shaped gland in the _____ 
CalcitoninSecreted by parafollicular C cells. Involved in calcium homeostasis 
Thyroid hormone- Secreted by thyroid follicular cell. 
- Regulates body metabolism and neurologic development 
follicles (thyroid cells),...
*Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* 
Risk Factor that when present increases the chance of disease 
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a 
stressor 
Prevalence A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of ...
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Add to cart*Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* 
Risk Factor that when present increases the chance of disease 
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a 
stressor 
Prevalence A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of ...
Absolute polycythemiaexcessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response 
resulting from increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a 
symptom of polycythemia vera. 
Absorption atelectasissee Atelectasis. 
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type ...
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Add to cartAbsolute polycythemiaexcessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response 
resulting from increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a 
symptom of polycythemia vera. 
Absorption atelectasissee Atelectasis. 
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type ...
The _____ functions primarily as a conduit for passage of food and liquid from the pharynx 
to the stomach.esophagus 
_____ anomalies of the esophagus require early detection and correction because they are 
incompatible with life.Congenital 
_____ can result from disorders that produce narrowing ...
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Add to cartThe _____ functions primarily as a conduit for passage of food and liquid from the pharynx 
to the stomach.esophagus 
_____ anomalies of the esophagus require early detection and correction because they are 
incompatible with life.Congenital 
_____ can result from disorders that produce narrowing ...
Basic Cellular Functions 1. Movement 
2. Conductivity 
3. Excretion 
4. Metabolic Absoption 
5. Creation of ATP 
6. Tissue Growth 
7. Communication 
8. Secretion
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Add to cartBasic Cellular Functions 1. Movement 
2. Conductivity 
3. Excretion 
4. Metabolic Absoption 
5. Creation of ATP 
6. Tissue Growth 
7. Communication 
8. Secretion
*Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* 
Risk Factor that when present increases the chance of disease 
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a 
stressor 
Prevalence A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of ...
Preview 4 out of 35 pages
Add to cart*Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* 
Risk Factor that when present increases the chance of disease 
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a 
stressor 
Prevalence A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of ...
Absolute polycythemiaexcessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response 
resulting from increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a 
symptom of polycythemia vera. 
Absorption atelectasissee Atelectasis. 
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type ...
Preview 4 out of 99 pages
Add to cartAbsolute polycythemiaexcessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response 
resulting from increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a 
symptom of polycythemia vera. 
Absorption atelectasissee Atelectasis. 
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type ...
A 50-year-old chronic alcoholic presents to the emergency room with 12 hours of severe 
abdominal pain. The pain radiates to the back and is associated with an urge to vomit. 
Physical examination discloses exquisite abdominal tenderness. Laboratory studies show 
elevated serum amylase. Which of ...
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Add to cartA 50-year-old chronic alcoholic presents to the emergency room with 12 hours of severe 
abdominal pain. The pain radiates to the back and is associated with an urge to vomit. 
Physical examination discloses exquisite abdominal tenderness. Laboratory studies show 
elevated serum amylase. Which of ...
A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people in the country and 1,000 people 
contract the disease yearly. The population of the country is 4,500,000. Which of the 
following statements is correct? 
a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence is .02%. 
b. The prevalen...
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Add to cartA certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people in the country and 1,000 people 
contract the disease yearly. The population of the country is 4,500,000. Which of the 
following statements is correct? 
a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence is .02%. 
b. The prevalen...
What is allergic asthma associated with? Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated 
What are the S&S of ARDS? SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), 
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, 
Hypoxemia 
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax...
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Add to cartWhat is allergic asthma associated with? Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated 
What are the S&S of ARDS? SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), 
Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, 
Hypoxemia 
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax...
Which of the following relate to a change in cell size? Select all that apply. 
A. Metaplasia 
B. Hyperplasia 
C. Atrophy 
D. Dysplasia 
E. HypertrophyC and E
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Add to cartWhich of the following relate to a change in cell size? Select all that apply. 
A. Metaplasia 
B. Hyperplasia 
C. Atrophy 
D. Dysplasia 
E. HypertrophyC and E
An ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single cell is a(n): 
A) metaphase spread. 
B) autosomal spread. 
C) karyotype. 
D) anaphase spread.c 
An error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is termed: 
A) aneuploidy. 
B) nondisjunction. 
C) polyploidy...
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Add to cartAn ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single cell is a(n): 
A) metaphase spread. 
B) autosomal spread. 
C) karyotype. 
D) anaphase spread.c 
An error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is termed: 
A) aneuploidy. 
B) nondisjunction. 
C) polyploidy...
Human defense mechanisms work to? - protect from injury and infection 
What is the first line of defense - physical and mechanical barriers-epithelial cells 
tightly associated in: skin, mucous membrane, lining of the respiratory tract, GI tract, low 
temperature on body surface. 
Biochemical barr...
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Add to cartHuman defense mechanisms work to? - protect from injury and infection 
What is the first line of defense - physical and mechanical barriers-epithelial cells 
tightly associated in: skin, mucous membrane, lining of the respiratory tract, GI tract, low 
temperature on body surface. 
Biochemical barr...
What is the complement system? - A group of serum proteins that activate 
inflammation, cell lysis, and opsonization 
What are the three layers of defense? - Surface defenses (skin, mucous, secretions), 
inflammation (secondary defense, nonspecific), and immunity (specific) 
How is acute inflammat...
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Add to cartWhat is the complement system? - A group of serum proteins that activate 
inflammation, cell lysis, and opsonization 
What are the three layers of defense? - Surface defenses (skin, mucous, secretions), 
inflammation (secondary defense, nonspecific), and immunity (specific) 
How is acute inflammat...
What cells are considered chronic inflammatory cells? - Lymphocytes, monocytes, 
macrophages, plasma cells 
What cells are considered acute inflammatory cells? - Neutrophils (PMNs, eosinophils) 
What activates mast cells? - Physical injury, chemical agents, immunologic processes, 
and toll-like re...
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Add to cartWhat cells are considered chronic inflammatory cells? - Lymphocytes, monocytes, 
macrophages, plasma cells 
What cells are considered acute inflammatory cells? - Neutrophils (PMNs, eosinophils) 
What activates mast cells? - Physical injury, chemical agents, immunologic processes, 
and toll-like re...
Basic Cellular Functions - 1. Movement 
2. Conductivity 
3. Excretion 
4. Metabolic Absoption 
5. Creation of ATP 
6. Tissue Growth 
7. Communication 
8. Secretion 
Functions of Plasma Membrane - 1. Structure 
2. Protection 
3. Activation of Cell 
4. Transport 
5. Cell to Cell Interaction
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Add to cartBasic Cellular Functions - 1. Movement 
2. Conductivity 
3. Excretion 
4. Metabolic Absoption 
5. Creation of ATP 
6. Tissue Growth 
7. Communication 
8. Secretion 
Functions of Plasma Membrane - 1. Structure 
2. Protection 
3. Activation of Cell 
4. Transport 
5. Cell to Cell Interaction
*Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* - 
Risk - Factor that when present increases the chance of disease 
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a 
stressor 
Prevalence - A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likeliho...
Preview 4 out of 35 pages
Add to cart*Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* - 
Risk - Factor that when present increases the chance of disease 
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a 
stressor 
Prevalence - A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likeliho...
Absolute polycythemia - excessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response 
resulting from increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a 
symptom of polycythemia vera. 
Absorption atelectasis - see Atelectasis. 
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease...
Preview 4 out of 99 pages
Add to cartAbsolute polycythemia - excessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response 
resulting from increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a 
symptom of polycythemia vera. 
Absorption atelectasis - see Atelectasis. 
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease...
are nonspecific defense mechanisms innate or acquired? - innate 
are specific defense mechanisms innate or acquired? - acquired 
what lines of defense are nonspecific defense mechanisms - first and second 
what lines of defense are specific defense mechanisms - third 
what are examples of first line...
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Add to cartare nonspecific defense mechanisms innate or acquired? - innate 
are specific defense mechanisms innate or acquired? - acquired 
what lines of defense are nonspecific defense mechanisms - first and second 
what lines of defense are specific defense mechanisms - third 
what are examples of first line...
what is hypoxia - decreased oxygen 
what is ischemia - decreased blood flow 
common causes of cell injury - hypoxia, ischemia, trauma 
(mechanical/electrical/radiological), chemicals, poisons, toxins, pathogens (bacteria and 
viruses), genetic diseases and autoimmune disorders 
how do cells die - ...
Preview 2 out of 15 pages
Add to cartwhat is hypoxia - decreased oxygen 
what is ischemia - decreased blood flow 
common causes of cell injury - hypoxia, ischemia, trauma 
(mechanical/electrical/radiological), chemicals, poisons, toxins, pathogens (bacteria and 
viruses), genetic diseases and autoimmune disorders 
how do cells die - ...
Hypopituitarism - insufficient amount of some or all pituitary hormones 
panhypopituitarism - total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and 
general loss of hormone activity 
pan - all; not seen a lot unless seen with a tumor or autoimmune disorder 
diseases of hypopituitarism? - p...
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Add to cartHypopituitarism - insufficient amount of some or all pituitary hormones 
panhypopituitarism - total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and 
general loss of hormone activity 
pan - all; not seen a lot unless seen with a tumor or autoimmune disorder 
diseases of hypopituitarism? - p...
what is hypoxia - decreased oxygen 
what is ischemia - decreased blood flow 
common causes of cell injury - hypoxia, ischemia, trauma 
(mechanical/electrical/radiological), chemicals, poisons, toxins, pathogens (bacteria and 
viruses), genetic diseases and autoimmune disorders 
how do cells die - ...
Preview 2 out of 15 pages
Add to cartwhat is hypoxia - decreased oxygen 
what is ischemia - decreased blood flow 
common causes of cell injury - hypoxia, ischemia, trauma 
(mechanical/electrical/radiological), chemicals, poisons, toxins, pathogens (bacteria and 
viruses), genetic diseases and autoimmune disorders 
how do cells die - ...
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