Summary

English summary literature

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Course
Engels

Level
VWO / Gymnasium

Een super handige samenvatting voor het leren van de literatuurtoets van Engels! Hier staan alle belangrijke dingen in die je moet weten van elke periode. Een echte 'must have' voor het halen van een 8+!

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Uploaded on February 27, 2021
Number of pages 9
Written in 2020/2021
Type Summary

schrijvers
belangrijke kenmerken
gedichten
jaartallen

Institution Secondary school
Level
VWO / Gymnasium
Course
Engels
School year 6

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ENGLISH SUMMARY RENAISSANCE
The sixteenth century
 The era of the Tudor dynasty and great economic and cultural growth
 Theater, lower classes had hard live, changes of religion
Kings and queens
1. King henry VII (House of Lancaster) and Queen Elizabeth (House of York) →
Two houses had 'Wars of the Roses'
2. Henry VIII :
o Splitting from church of Rome → Catholic → made himself head of Church of
England.
o Had six wives → Catherine of Aragon (girl), Anne Boleyn (girl), Jane Seymour
(boy but died), Anne of Cleves (never saw here in real life), Catharine Howard
(accused of adultery and beheaded), Catherine Parr (married four times)
Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived
3. Edward VI (son) → catholic traditions fell out because of Protestant policy
4. Lady Jane Grey → never throned
5. Mary → earned nickname ‘bloody Mary’ for her fanatical persecution (vervolging) of
protestants.
6. Elizabeth → brought an end to turbulent period in the monarchy’s history (The virgin
Queen) <--> enemy is Mary Stuart
7. King James I of England
The start of the Renaissance
 Began in Italy fourteenth century
 Time between Italian and English renaissance → because of economic factors →
since reign of Elizabeth England was stable.
 Renaissance means ‘rebirth’ → rediscovery of art, literature and philosophy of
classical Greece and Rome.
 Anthropocentric (Renaissance) <--> theocentric (Middle Ages)
 1450 → book printing → quickly and cheaper to spread ideas across Europe
 Humanism:
o Motto: To the sources (Erasmus)
o Thomas More → Utopia (unattainable perfect society)
o Study biblical/ classical texts
 Middle Ages: ‘memento mori’ (remember that you are immortal) <--> Carpe diem
 Curiosity about nature and scientific experimentation
 Artists put names on work
 Playwrights: John Milton, William Shakespear, Edmund Spenser
 Epic poem: very long poem celebrating the deeds of a legendary hero or group of
heroes.
Thomas More
 Torn between career in church or in the service of king
 Catholic → difficulties with King Henry VIII → executed
 Utopia in 1515 → ‘nowhereland’/ ‘land that does not exist’. → in latin → in form of a
dialogue → begins with description of Island

, Sonnets
 Poem developed in Italy
 About human emotions such as love, hate, despair, religious or political conviction
or wonder at the natural world.
 Lyric form opposed to epic form. → use elegant language to express feelings.
 Fourteen lines → two parts :
o Octave → experienced
o Break of thought = transition
o Sextet → feelings, personal view
 Italian sonnet:
o two quatrains (octave) and two tercets (sextet)
o abba abba cdc cdc
o Ten stressed syllables = iambic pentameter
 English/ Shakespearean sonnet:
o Three quatrains followed by rhyming couplet
o Abab cdcd efef gg
o The last two lines rhyme

Sir Thomas Wyatt
 Wanted to marry Anne Boylen → stopped by King Henry
 Classic courtier: ambassador and adviser
 Translated Petrarca’s poems into English
Edmund Spenser
 Poor family, but won a scholarship
 Published poems for hoping of recognition of royal patron to return to England
Christopher Marlowe
 Violent live
 Wrote play Doctor Faustus →pride more important than advice → fell in love with
Helen (daughter of Zeus)
o Blank verse = every line has ten alternately stressed syllables, but there is
no rhyme. It was very popular in the theatre of this period
o Dark piece of literature, but great deal of humor and tremendous energy and
various speeches display wonderful insight.
William Shakespeare
 Wrote sonnets and longer poems and plays
 Married Anne Hathaway
 Worked in London first as actor, later as playwright
 An aristocratic patron was very important to a poet's career. →gave an income and
provided protection and recognition → his epic poems earned him elgeant and
talented reputation.
 Theater:
o Popular entertainment
o Not for educated elite
o Elizabethan theatre = most of audience stood in front of stage, little scenery,
women were not allowed because it would lead to immorality.
o Interaction with the audience (because of closeness stage and audience)
 Written for wide audience , recognisable → stock characters

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