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CJA345 WK CJA/345 Criminal Justice Research Models CJA/345 Criminal Justice Research Models Several research models have mostly been developed throughout history and evolution of the general criminal justice and law enforcement entities, with some preeminent models: The efficiency model, res...
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CJA/345
Criminal Justice Research Models
CJA/345
Criminal Justice Research Models
Several research models have mostly been developed throughout history and evolution of
the general criminal justice and law enforcement entities, with some preeminent models: The
efficiency model, restricted functions model, victim rights models, and Herbert Packer’s two key
models (the due process and crime control models), which essentially are reasonably significant.
The efficiency model consists mainly of reducing crime efficiently while improving the
criminal justice system [ CITATION Gar71 \l 1033 ], which is essentially quite significant. This
refers to the court's ability to process cases timelier while officers apprehend, for all intents and
purposes, more offenders. This can be implemented as a connecting model that can substantially
reduce crime [ CITATION Gar71 \l 1033 ], demonstrating that the efficiency model consists
mainly of providing a decrease of crime efficiently while improving the criminal justice system,
which is reasonably significant. This model’s implementation demands a notable investment in
human resources and all individuals’ operational practices within the criminal justice system,
tools, types of equipment, and systems [ CITATION Gar71 \l 1033 ].
The restricted functions Model refers to the challenges to certain aspects within the
criminal justice system. Some of the elements are whether it is valuable for “crimes without
victims” [ CITATION Gar71 \l 1033 ]. Gardiner also explains whether petty offenses such as
traffic, gambling, prostitution, disorderly conduct, and drug use. The division arises due to the
fact that these offenses are not a threat to society, and thus, the resources might be wasted rather
than concentrating on more concerning cases [ CITATION Gar71 \l 1033 ].
, The victims’ rights models are presented in two different models. The punitive and non-
punitive model of victims’ rights [ CITATION Roa99 \l 1033 ]. The punitive model can be
interpreted as a very complicated model. It maintains the direct adjustment of the crime control
and due process models, moving directly to hearings, appeals, and punishments. Still, it might
not be that linear because of the criminal sanction's documented negligence to restrain crime and
respect victims. However, the non-punitive model is represented by a circle that depicts thriving
crime restriction by incentivizing family and community with corrective regulation [ CITATION
Roa99 \l 1033 ]. In other words, the punitive model represents a straighter forward model where
punishment and criminalization need to be implemented. In contrast, the non-punitive model is
designed in a more restitution fashion, orientated to help and improve the well-being of those
involved.
The crime control model is designated to approach the legislature rather than the courts
directly as the authoritarian figure within the criminal justice system by taking the legislatures on
criminal sanctions [ CITATION Roa99 \l 1033 ]. It is based on the premise that criminal
conduct's oppression is by far the criminal process's crucial function. Criminal behavior is not
under control and might represent a threat to human freedom [CITATION Pac68 \p 4 \l 1033 ].
When there is a failure to apprehend criminals and give positive convictions, then the respect for
the system goes down, prompting a disregard for the law, considering the system's faith is
broken. However, the crime control model presents an operative process to screen suspects to
determine guilt, consequently providing the right conviction [CITATION Pac68 \p 4 \l 1033 ].
The due process model is centered on the idea that an individual has inalienable rights
and cannot be stripped of them without proper constitutional protections and procedures. It also
warrants merit in the processes used to deny a person of their rights [ CITATION Roa99 \l
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