Based on what you have read in the text, the lecture, and any other sources you find helpful to your understanding of deductive arguments, explain the structure of a deductive argument in your own words.
Question: Go to the box “Deductive Reasoning” (in the beginning of Chapter 8). Read the l...
Week 4 Checkpoint Quiz Score for this quiz: 48 out of 50 PHIL 347 Week 4 Checkpoint Quiz (Dual Version) 1. Question: Based on what you have read in the text, the lecture, and any other sources you find helpful to your understanding of deductive arguments, explain th e structure of a deductive argument in your own words. Answer: In a deductive argument, the speaker presents premises and says that if her premises are true than so must be her conclusion. 2. Question: Go to the box “Deductive Reasoning” (in the beginning of Chapter 8). Read the last paragraph there. Based on that reading and any other sources you find helpful to your understanding, descri be the part that “rules, operating conditions, core beliefs, values, policies, principles, procedures, and terminology” (p. 159) play in deductive arguments. Answer: Rules, operating conditions, core beliefs, values, policies, principles, etc. act as the assumed truth from a set o f beliefs. In an argument, these assumed truths of beliefs lead to a conclusion that must be true and cannot be false if our beliefs are true. 3. Question: In the introduction to Chapter 8, the text sets forth a specific definition of the term “valid” as it applies to deductive arguments. What is that definition? Answer: "If the assumption that all the premises are true makes it impossible for the conclusion to be false, that is, if the premises entail or imply that conclusion, we will evaluate that argument or inference as valid" (Facione & Gittens) 4. Question: Use the following template to create a valid Denying the Consequent argument example: If_________________ then _______________ It is not the case that ______________________ Therefore, it is not the case that ________________ Answer: If I am sick then I will have a fever. It is not the case that I have a fever Therefore it is not the case that I am sick. 5. Question: the following template to create a valid Affirming the Antecedent argument example: If_______________ then____________ ________________________________ Therefore _______________________ Answer: If I drink coffee then I won't be tired I drank coffee Therefore I will not be tired. 6. Question: Jack says: “I can enroll full time this semester, or I can buy a car. I think going to school full time is the better option for me, so I’ll have to put off buying car.” What name does the text give to this argument structure? Answer: The text names this structure as Disjunctive Syllogism 7. Question: In additi on to if/then and either/or, there are other terms that, when used correctly, can create valid argument templates. Using the three deductive statements below, create five (5) valid deductive arguments. To make your life easier, you can use the key words at the end of the statement to fill in the template. Statement A: Tuition increases 5 percent per academic year. (Tuition increases) Statement B: I must graduate in no more than two years. (Graduate two years) Statement C: I have legal access t o unlimited amounts of cash. (Unlimited cash)
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