Zwangerschapsverschijnselen:
- groei → gemiddelde gewichtstoename 12 kg: 5 kg foetus, placenta en
vruchtwater, 7 kg maternale aanpassingen (borst, benen, heupen). 7 kg water, 4
kg vet, 1 kg eiwit
- 1e trimester: misselijkheid, verandering smaak, slapeloosheid
Hormonale veranderingen:
- hCG: zwangerschapshormoon → innesteling → syncytiotrofoblast → hCG
productie, belangrijk voor het gele lichaam (=litteken eisprong) oftewel het in
stand houden van het corpus luteum (produceert progesteron)
- progesteron: neemt de functie over van LH → remt FSH en LH,
ondoordringbaarheid slijm bij de baarmoedermond, bevordert innesteling
bevruchte eicel, voorkomt samentrekken (baarmoeder) spiervezels (kwalen
geven) en bevort klierweefsel
Metabole veranderingen:
- basale metabolisme omhoog, 1e trimester 285 kcal/dag, 2e trimester 475
kcal/dag a terme
- tweede helft: insulineresistentie neemt toe, minder gevoelig voor insuline →
minder glucose opnemen → meer glucose in het systeem → suikerziekte
zwangerschap
Misselijkheid en braken:
- 1e trimester
- door hCG, bij tweelingen die hoge hCG mk.
- afname maagmotiliteit, psycho-emotionele factoren
- 40-80% lijdt aan enige vorm van zwangerschapsmisselijkheid
- begint vaak al bij 5 wk.
- ptyalisme
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