Summary
Summary Development Psychology Participation Examination 2 University Utrecht
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Summary of the book of Developmental Psychology, exam 2 of Utrecht University. All concepts from the book!
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
PYC4805 EXAM PACK 2024/2025
-
PYC4805 EXAM PACK 2024
-
CH 2 PSYCOLOGY 1001 NOTES
Seller
Followfleurvd
Reviews received
Content preview
Ontwikkelingspsychologie Samenvatting 👶Deeltentamen 2
Chapter 11 - Intelligence, Achievement and Learning
Theories of Intelligence
Factor Analysis= a statistical procedure used to determine which of a number of factors, or
scores, are both closely related to one another and relatively independent of other groups of
factors, or scores.
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg)= a theory that proposes three major components
of intelligence: information processing skills, experience with a task and ability to adapt to
the demands of a context.
Theory of Successful Intelligence (Sternberg, 2001)= considers intelligence in relation to the
ability of the individual to meet her own goals and those of her society. Requires three
abilities: analytical, creative and practical
Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardner, 2011)= Gardner’s multifactorial theory that
proposes eight distinct types of intelligence.
Testing Intelligence
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)= an index of the way a person performs on a standardized
intelligence test relative to the way others her age perform.
The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID)= best-known and most widely used of all
infant development tests. Assesses children (1 month to 3,5 years of age) suspected to be at
risk for abnormal development.
Wechsler Intelligence Scales= three intelligence tests for preschool children, school-age
children and adults, which yield separate scores for verbal and performance IQ as well as a
combined IQ score.
Deviation IQ= an IQ score that indicates the extent to which a person’s performance on a
test deviates from age mates; average performance.
Individual Differences in Intelligence
Associative Learning= according to Jensen, lower-level learning tapped in tests of such
things as short-term memorization and recall, attention, rote learning and simple associative
skills. Also called level ꟾ learning.
Cognitive Learning= according to Jensen, higher-level learning tapped in tests of such things
as abstract thinking, symbolic processing and the use of language in problem solving. Also
called level ꟾꟾ learning.
Stereotype Threat= being at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about the group to
which one belongs.
Cumulative Risk= the notion that risk factors in children’s life circumstances have cumulative
negative effects on their intellectual performance.
Process of Learning
Achievement Motivation= a person’s tendency to strive for successful performance, to
evaluate her performance against standards of excellence, and to feel pleasure at having
performed successfully.
, Working Memory= a model of short-term memory processes incorporating a central
executive, phonological loop (for sorting auditory information), a visuospatial sketch-pad (for
visual information) and an episodic buffer (for linking information across domains).
Peer Collaboration= important feature of many classrooms and has been demonstrated to
be an effective means of learning.
Beyond the Norms: Giftedness and Intellectual Deficits
Intellectual Giftedness= a characteristic defined by an IQ score of 130 or over; gifted children
learn faster than others and may show early exceptional talents in certain areas.
Mental Retardation= a characteristic defined by an IQ score below 70 together with difficulty
in coping with age-appropriate activities of everyday life.
Learning Disabilities= deficits in one or more cognitive processes important for learning.
Creativity= divergent thinking, imaginative and seeks variety. Defined as the ability to solve
problems, create products or pose questions that is different from the approaches most other
people would use.
Chapter 8 - Language and Communication
Language= a communication system in which words and their written symbols combine
rule-governed ways and enable speakers to produce an infinite number of messages.
Communicative Competence= the ability to convey thoughts, feelings and intentions in a
meaningful and culturally patterned way.
Productive Language= the production of speech.
Receptive Language= understanding the speech of others.
The Antecedents of Language Development
Protodeclarative= a gesture that an infant uses to make some sort of statement about an
object.
Protoimperative= a gesture that either an infant or a young child may use to get someone to
do something they want.
Joint Visual Attention= two communicative partners attend to the same visual information.
Categorical Speech Perception / Phoneme Boundary Effect= the tendency to perceive as the
same a range of sounds belonging to the same phonemic group.
Habituation= a form of learning instantiated in a decrease in the strength of response to a
repeated stimulus.
Theories of Language Development
Phonology= the system of sounds that a language uses.
Semantics= the study of word meaning and word combinations.
Grammar= the structure of a language; consists of morphology and syntax.
Morphology= the study of morphemes, language’s smallest units of meaning.
Syntax= the part of grammar that prescribes how words may combine into phrases, clauses
and sentences.
Pragmatics= a set of rules that specify appropriate language for particular social contexts.
The Nativist View = suggests that language acquisition unfolds as a result of the unique
biological properties of humans.
Language Acquisition Device (LAD) (Noam Skomsky, 1968)= Chomsky’s proposed mental
structure in the human nervous system, which incorporates an innate concept of language.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller fleurvd. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.29. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53249 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now