NR 508 | NR508 Advanced Pathophysiology- Endocrine Study guide

NR 508 | NR508 Advanced Pathophysiology- Endocrine Study guide. Hormone function - ligands that bind to their respective intra- or extracellular receptors. Hormone secretion -Regulated through a negative feedback system. -When target cell response is achieved, feedback signals the hormone to decrease its output. Water- Soluble Hormones - Catecholamines and Peptides -Free molecules - The only hormones that are circulating free are available for binding with receptors. - Active-form: Free circulating available to exert an effect. --Faster in moving - Plasma 1/2 life correlates directly to the % of protein binding Lipid- Soluble Hormones - Steroids, thyroid hormones - Bound to plasma proteins. Major sites of hormone degradation and excretion liver and kidneys Negative Feedback DECREASE subsequent synthesis DECREASE secretion of hormone Decrease in maximal responsiveness of hormone May be due to: - A decrease in # functional target cells - A decrease in # of receptor cells. - Limited concentration of an enzyme - Increase concentration of noncompetitive inhibitor Decrease in hormonal sensitivity May be due to: -Decrease in # of hormone receptors -Alteration in concentration of modulating co-factors - Increase rate of hormone degradation - Increase concentration of antagonist hormones. Up-regulation low hormone concentration induces the formation of more receptors per cell Down-regulation Promotes a DECREASE in the # of receptors per cell Primary endocrine disorder -Alternation of the target gland/tissue example: Thyroid -Secretion of hormones that regulate cellular activity. Secondary endocrine disorder -Alternation in the influencing tropic gland/ts example: pituitary Tertiary endocrine disorder - Can be considered secondary - hypothalmic dysfunction - Target gland responses - Physiological responses in cells Normal endocrine physiology CNS-> Hypothalamus-> releasing hormone->pituitary->tropic hormone->peripheral gland-> hormone-> target-> effect Growth Hormone (Normal Functions) Growth-promoting: -Increase linear growth and cartilage -Increase lean ms mass Anti-insulin effects: